Abstract² Developing effective security solutions for wireless sensor networks (WSN) are not easy due to limited resources of WSNs and the hazardous nature of wireless medium. The implementation of encryption/decryption algorithms which are the most essential part of the secure communication can be very intricate in WSNs since they incorporate routines that having very complex and intense computing procedures. A secure clustering protocol that achieves the desired security goals while keeping an acceptable level of energy consumption is a challenging problem in wireless sensor network. LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol is a basic clustering-based routing protocol for WSNs. S-LEACH is the first modified version of LEACH with cryptographic protection against outsider attacks. This paper proposes MS-LEACH to enhance the security of S-LEACH by providing data confidentiality and node to cluster head (CH) authentication using pairwise keys shared between CHs and their cluster members. The security analysis of proposed MS-LEACH shows that it has efficient security properties and achieves all WSN security goals compared to the existing secured solutions of LEACH protocol. A simulation based performance evaluation of MS-LEACH demonstrates the effectiveness of proposed MS-LEACH protocol and shows that the protocol achieves the desired security goals and outperforms other protocols in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, network throughput and normalized routing load.
Most of the MAC protocols proposed for the wireless sensor networks (WSN) assume sensor nodes to be static and therefore they usually fail or provide very bad network performance in mobile sensor networks. Since WSN mobile applications have become popular nowadays, there is a need for MAC protocols that consider mobility. In this paper, we propose a mobility-aware MAC protocol for WSN that can work with satisfactory performance in both stationary and mobile sensor networks. Furthermore, most of the WSN mobile applications are considered critical ones (e.g. a patient assistance system which monitors patients' health via wearable bio-sensors). Such applications require very quick responses. So, in addition to handling mobility, the proposed MAC protocol considers the problem of latency as well. In summary, this paper proposes a WSN MAC protocol (MD-SMAC) that is considered to be mobility-aware, delay-sensitive and provides satisfactory level of energy efficiency. In addition, we study the performance of the proposed MD-SMAC protocol by simulating it using the NS-2 simulator and comparing it to other WSN MAC protocols. The results show that the MD-SMAC protocol outperforms other existing WSN MAC protocols in terms of mobility-handling, delay-reduction, and energy-efficiency in scenarios involving mobile sensors.
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