Road-Strip Census Techniques for Wild Ungulates in African Woodland

Hirst, Stanley

doi:10.2307/3799648

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Comparing these results with other published results (Hirst 1969;Le Resche & Rausch 1974;Rice & Harder 1977;Beasom 1979;McCullough 1994;Brockett 2002) suggest that generally these results obtained appear consistent in range with those of other authors and are mainly unpredictable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…They also report significantly lower CVs in some seasons (spring, p < 0.05). Hirst (1969) recorded variability of 12.8 % to 32.2 % on strip counts of blesbok on Rietvlei Nature Reserve. Beasom (1979) indicates a significant negative correlation between CV and mean estimated deer population and area size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, total counts have been applied to many species of African ungulates and results have been recorded by several authors. Van Lavieren & Esser (1979) (Dasmann & Mossman 1962;Jolly 1969) and in South Africa (Hirst 1969;Goodman 1977;Melton 1978;Collinson 1985;Bothma et al 1990;Eiselen 1994;Van Hensbergen et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision of helicopter-based total-area counts of large ungulates in bushveld

Reilly

2002

Koedoe

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Reilly, B.K. 2002. Precision of helicopter-based total-area counts of large ungulates in bushveld. Koedoe 45(2): 77-83. Pretoria. ISSN 0075-6458.Precision in helicopter total-area counts in bushveld for a range of common species are evaluated. Counts were conducted on properties ranging in size from 250 ha to 10 000 ha as part of experiments on precision and power. Counts were conducted in three vegetation types: mopane veld, sourish mixed bushveld and arid bushveld. Scant regard is given to precision as a factor in large herbivore monitoring, with more effort often devoted to accuracy. Coefficients of variation varied from 3.2 % to 70.9 %. Median values are generally acceptable for the establishment of trends for long-term monitoring, but might be inadequate for annual population size monitoring and evaluation. A regression of all species and vegetation types by the standard error showed a significant correlation. Similar regressions were also developed for impala, kudu, warthog, and zebra. Regressions by vegetation type for mopane veld, sourish mixed bushveld, and northwest arid bushveld were also significant. However, the high correlation for some vegetation types might be an artifact of the small sample sizes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Precision of helicopter-based total-area counts of large ungulates in bushveld

Reilly

2002

Koedoe

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“…Nevertheless, given that aerial count data can misrepresent prey abundance, even after correction factors have been applied, it would be wise to interpret our prey preference results with caution. Though we are confident that twelve years of aerial counts provide a good representation of prey distribution, prey abundance within each vegetation type would have benefited from additional census techniques such as roadstrip counts (Hirst 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging and Habitat Specialization by Female Leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Waterberg Mountains of South Africa

Pitman¹,

Kilian

Ramsay³

et al. 2013

South African Journal of Wildlife Research

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Carnivores that persist outside of protected areas are often deemed to have highly adaptable and generalist foraging strategies. Using data from three GPS-collared female leopards (Panthera pardus) and over an eight-month period, we attempted to establish whether leopards in a mountainous landscape display preferential behaviour (i.e. specialist) or not (i.e. generalist). We investigated whether female leopards used habitats in accordance with availability for both hunting and regular activities, and whether female leopards demonstrated preference for a particular prey species. Finally, we assessed tree caching behaviour and discuss leopard spatial dynamics in the context of superior competitors, such as lions (Panthera leo). Female leopards demonstrated selection for certain prey species. Mixed closed woodland (greatest vegetation density; lowest prey density) and tall open woodland (greatest vegetation biomass; high prey density) were preferred over other habitats. Female leopards on Welgevonden cached significantly larger prey species in trees. Our results suggest that female leopards in this landscape are selecting habitats -enabling the exploitation of certain ecological features -that balance energy expenditure against the likelihood of capturing prey in an attempt to maximize efficiency, whilst reducing inter-specific competition. We suggest that female leopards are limited in their foraging ability as a result of interference competition by superior species like lions, which in turn, affects their choice of prey. These findings highlight the potential importance of numerous ecological, spatio-temporal, and anthropogenic factors that influence leopard behaviour, and therefore have significant implications for leopard persistence and conservation.

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“…The technique consists of counting all the animals seen in a band or strip of measured length and width and major papers on it have been contributed by Kelker (1940), Webb (1942), Southern (1944), Brock (1954), Yapp(1955), Lamprey(1963), Hirst (1969), Gates (1969), Emlen (1971), and Robinette et al (1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strip counts as a means of determining densities and habitat utilization patterns in lake fishes

Keast

Harker

1977

Environ Biol Fish

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SynopsisThe strip count method of determining fish densities was investigated for a small lake in a series of inshore sites that differed in their physical and biological characteristics and in the communities of fishes present. Overall total numbers of fish, number of species, ratio of commonest to total species, and 2nd commonest to total species, were investigated. Counts were made during time of the feeding peaks.Repeatability of the method was tested by series of five traverses at lo-minute intervals and was good both for total numbers of fish and ratio of commonest species to total fish. However, it varied with the habitat type, being excellent for small semi-isolated weedy sites, good for gravel-bottom sites, but only fair in open sandy bays where the strip was laid in the middle of an extensive area of homogeneous habitat.Series of comparative counts made (a) between morning and afternoon on the same day and, (b) between successive mornings, to determine how constant populations were between these time intervals, proved to be within the same general range but were significantly different by the Mann Whitney U test at the D = 0.05 level.In small lakes the strip count method proves to have considerable potential in the study of habitat specializations, taxocene structures, and relative abundances.

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Road-Strip Census Techniques for Wild Ungulates in African Woodland

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Precision of helicopter-based total-area counts of large ungulates in bushveld

Precision of helicopter-based total-area counts of large ungulates in bushveld

Foraging and Habitat Specialization by Female Leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Waterberg Mountains of South Africa

Strip counts as a means of determining densities and habitat utilization patterns in lake fishes

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