RNA Trans-Splicing

Huang, Xin-Yun; Hirsh, David

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3424-2_12

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Trans-splicing involves the transfer of a short RNA transcript, cleaved from a larger donor molecule, to a consensus acceptor sequence on a separate pre-mRNA transcript. Nematodes employ both trans-splicing and cis-splicing in the maturation of precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) molecules [1][2][3]. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the 22-nucleotide spliced leader (SL) of the SL1 RNA, the first nematode SL RNA to be identified [4], is transferred to approximately 70% of pre-mRNA molecules [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Solution structure of the donor site of a trans-splicing RNA

et al. 1996

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution structure of the donor site of a trans-splicing RNA

et al. 1996

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“…In one form of trans-splicing, a leader sequence (the spliced leader, SL) 1 is donated from the 5Ј end of a small, non-polyadenylated RNA (the spliced leader RNA, SL RNA) to pre-mRNAs to form the 5Ј-terminal exon of mature mRNAs (for recent reviews see Refs. [1][2][3][4][5][6]. This form of RNA maturation was first described in trypanosomes (7,8) and subsequently in other kinetoplastida and the flagellated protozoan Euglena (9).…”

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RNA Trans-splicing in Flatworms

Davis

Hardwick

Tavernier

et al. 1995

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Characteristics of trans-splicing in Schistosoma mansoni were examined to explore the significance and determinants of spliced leader (SL) addition in flatworms. Only a small subset of mRNAs acquire the SL. Analysis of 30 trans-spliced mRNAs and four genes revealed no discernable patterns or common characteristics in the genes, mRNAs, or their encoded proteins that might explain the functional significance of SL addition. While the mRNA encoding the glycolytic enzyme enolase is trans-spliced, mRNAs encoding four other glycolytic enzymes are not, indicating trans-splicing is not prevalent throughout this metabolic pathway. Although the 3 end of flatworm SLs contribute an AUG to mRNAs, the SL AUG does not typically serve to provide a methionine for translation initiation of reading frames in recipient mRNAs. SL RNA expression exhibits no apparent sex, tissue, or cell specificity. Trans-spliced genes undergo both cis-and trans-splicing, and the sequence contexts for these respective acceptor sites are very similar. These results suggest trans-splicing in flatworms is most likely associated either with some property conferred on recipient mRNAs by SL addition or related to some characteristic of the primary transcripts or transcription of trans-spliced genes.Trans-splicing is an RNA processing event that accurately joins sequences derived from independently transcribed RNAs. In one form of trans-splicing, a leader sequence (the spliced leader, SL) 1 is donated from the 5Ј end of a small, non-polyadenylated RNA (the spliced leader RNA, SL RNA) to pre-mRNAs to form the 5Ј-terminal exon of mature mRNAs (for recent reviews see Refs. 1-6). This form of RNA maturation was first described in trypanosomes (7,8) and subsequently in other kinetoplastida and the flagellated protozoan Euglena (9). The identification of trans-splicing in two divergent invertebrate phyla, first in nematodes (10) and then in flatworms (11), suggests that this particular form of RNA processing may be an important form of gene expression common in early metazoa.The general distribution of trans-splicing and its origin in metazoa is currently not known. Furthermore, both the origin of early metazoan groups and the phylogenetic relationships between flatworms, nematodes, and other early invertebrates have been difficult to delineate (12, 13). Trans-splicing may have arisen independently in several invertebrate lineages (6) and, if true, the characteristics and functional significance of spliced leader addition might also be different in diverse metazoan groups. Trans-splicing is of particular interest in flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes) as these metazoa may represent the earliest bilateral animals, and one possible evolutionary tree places a flatworm-like ancestor as the progenitor of a number of other early invertebrate groups (12, 13). We have recently shown that trans-splicing is present in diverse trematode flatworms and in a predominantly free-living group generally considered to represent primitive flatworms (14). 2 This suggests that spliced ...

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What the papers say: Mammalian cells can trans‐splice. But do they?

Blumenthal

1993

BioEssays

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In trans-splicing, the pre-mRNA products of two different genes are spliced together to form a single, mature mRNA. In one type oE Lrans-splicing, prc-mRNAs of many different genes receive a single, short leader, called spliced leader or SL (diagrammed in Fig. 1 and reviewed in refs. 1-3). This type of trans-splicing was first discovered in the primitive eukaryotes, the trypanosomes, where it is apparcntly the only kind of nuclear mRNA s p l i~i n g '~.~) .Subsequently, it was discovered in nematodes (round trematodes (flat worms) (7), and euglena@'. Although this type of trans-splicing has never been found in any of the other well-studied organisms. Bruzik and Maniatis(9) have recently reported that mammalian cells are capable of perforining the reaction when they are provided with the appropriate pre-mRNAs.In the worms, trans-splicing co-exists with normal, or cissplicing, in which introns are removed from the pre-mRNAs. The same pre-mRNAs undergo both types of splicing. The SLs, which range from 22 nucleotides in nematodes to 39 nt in trypanosomes, are donated by 100-150 nt RNAs, called SL RNAs (Fig. 1). These RNAs exist in the cell in the form of snRNPs: they have characteristic stem-loop structures, with 5' modified caps, and are bound to the same proteins that are bound to U1, U2, U4/Ub and US RNAS"~-'~). The transsplicing reaction is closely related to cis-splicing: it is catalyzcd by the same snRNPs that catalyze cis-splicing(l3>l4); the donor site on the SL FWA matches the cis-splicing con-sensusc6,15); the trans-splicc acceptor sites on thc prc-mRNAs are indistinguishable from intron 3' splice sites; and equivalent branched intermediates form in trans-and cis-

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RNA Trans-Splicing

Cited by 10 publications

References 94 publications

Solution structure of the donor site of a trans-splicing RNA

Solution structure of the donor site of a trans-splicing RNA

RNA Trans-splicing in Flatworms

What the papers say: Mammalian cells can trans‐splice. But do they?

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