What the papers say: Mammalian cells can trans‐splice. But do they?

Blumenthal, T

doi:10.1002/bies.950150509

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…This raises the possibility that SL trans ‐splicing could have arisen once, but been transferred laterally throughout diverse phylogenetic lineages. The potential for this is supported by experiments in mammalian cells in which a transfected gene encoding the SL RNA was expressed, assembled with Sm proteins, TMG capped, and then trans ‐spliced onto acceptor 3′ splice sites 94,104. Mammalian cells, representing a lineage that does not normally SL trans ‐splice, were capable of trans ‐splicing once supplied with the gene for the SL RNA.…”

Section: Sl Trans‐splicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans‐splicing

2011

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Trans-splicing is the joining together of portions of two separate pre-mRNA molecules. The two distinct categories of spliceosomal trans-splicing are genic trans-splicing, which joins exons of different pre-mRNA transcripts, and spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing, which involves an exon donated from a specialized SL RNA. Both depend primarily on the same signals and components as cis-splicing. Genic trans-splicing events producing protein-coding mRNAs have been described in a variety of organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. In mammalian cells, genic trans-splicing can be associated with cancers and translocations. SL trans-splicing has mainly been studied in nematodes and trypanosomes, but there are now numerous and diverse phyla (including primitive chordates) where this type of trans-splicing has been detected. Such diversity raises questions as to the evolutionary origin of the process. Another intriguing question concerns the function of trans-splicing, as operon resolution can only account for a small proportion of the total amount of SL trans-splicing.

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Section: Sl Trans‐splicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans‐splicing

2011

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“…However, this proposal was met with a lot of skepticism. In fact, it has been suggested that even if mammalian cells have this capacity, such phenomena are not really occurring (Blumenthal, 1993). Certainly, the SL type of trans -splicing is not apparently taking place in higher eukaryotes.…”

Section: Joining Of Exons From Distinct Pre-mrnas – Evolution Of the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-splicing in Higher Eukaryotes: Implications for Cancer Development?

Zaphiropoulos

2011

Front. Gene.

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Trans-splicing, the possibility of exons from distinct pre-mRNAs to join together, is still a concept in gene expression that is generally regarded of limited significance. However, recent work has provided evidence that in human tumors trans-splicing events may precede chromosomal rearrangements. In fact, it has been suggested that the trans-spliced molecules could act as “guides” that facilitate the genomic translocation. This perspective highlights the development of the ideas of trans-splicing in higher eukaryotes during the last 25 years, from a bizarre phenomenon to a biological event that is attaining stronger recognition.

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“…28). We cannot exclude the possibility that a single "master" promoter drives mCAT-2 gene expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mammalian arginine/lysine transporter uses multiple promoters.

Finley

Kakuda²,

Barrieux³

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The mKAT-2 gene encodes a Na+-independent cationic amino acid (AA) transporter that is inducibly expressed in a tissue-specific manner in various physiological conditions. When mCAT-2 protein is expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the elicited AA transport properties are similar to the biochemically defined transport system y+. The mCAT-2 protein sequence is closely related to another cationic AA transporter (mCAT-1); these related proteins elicit virtually identical cationic AA (3). Interest in cationic AA transport regulation was stimulated by the discovery that arginine is the exclusive precursor of NO, and "de novo" arginine transport is required for NO production in some tissues (e.g., refs. 4-6).The mCAT genes were, to our knowledge, the first mammalian AA transporters cloned (reviewed in ref. 7). Their isolation permits a molecular and genetic analysis of cationic AA transporter expression and regulation (8-11). The mCAT proteins share substantial sequence (9), structural (11), and functional (12, 13) similarity when expressed and assessed in Xenopus oocytes (8,10,12,13). Based on their transport characteristics, the mCAT genes are considered to encode the y+ transport system (8,10,(12)(13)(14). Although the two genes share many similarities, they differ in their chromosomal location (9, 15) and expression patterns (7,12). Their apparent functional redundancy raises questions about mCAT gene regulation. Although little molecular information is available regarding the mechanism of AA transporter gene regulation, it is well established that AA transport systems are responsive to metabolic demands (3). We have shown that mCAT-2 mRNA accumulates during T-cell activation (9, 12) and in other tissues in response to surgical trauma (16). In contrast, mCAT-1 mRNA levels are more constant in parallel test conditions (7,12,16), although the mRNA levels are altered in response to glycogen and during liver regeneration (17).Here we report evidence that mCAT-2 gene transcription is initiated from multiple promoters. Sequence analysis of several cDNA clones revealed distinct 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) that could result from multiple promoters, alternative splicing, or trans-splicing. To analyze this further, the entire coding region of the structural gene was isolated. Moreover, the regions surrounding three of the 5' UTRs were sequenced and found to contain classical promoter and enhancer elements. We present evidence that these promoters are utilized and result in regulated gene expression in response to surgical stress. Finally, we document the differential utilization of these putative promoters in different cell types. Our data provide strong evidence that mCAT-2 transcription initiates from several distinct, widely spaced promoters.t MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and Cell Culture. Six-to 8-week-old female AKR/J mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratories. Tissues were harvested for RNA preparation in accordance with University of California and National Institutes of Health guidelines. The SL12.3 a...

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What the papers say: Mammalian cells can trans‐splice. But do they?

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Trans‐splicing

Trans‐splicing

Trans-splicing in Higher Eukaryotes: Implications for Cancer Development?

A mammalian arginine/lysine transporter uses multiple promoters.

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