RNA synthesis and histone acetylation during the course of gene activation in lymphocytes.

Pogo, Beatríz G. T.; Allfrey, Vincent G.; Mirsky, A. E.

doi:10.1073/pnas.55.4.805

Cited by 415 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Both reduction in nuclear histones and histone acetylation have been regarded as the conditions which allow the DNA-dependent RNA synthesis to occur (a.o. BER-LOWITZ 1965;PoGo et al 1966 ). In this connection, it is of interest to recall that, in Paeonia tenuifolia, the archesporia!…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochemical and Autoradiographic Analyses on Root Primordia and Root Apices ofMarsilea Strigosa

Avanzi¹,

D’Amato²

1970

Caryologia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochemical and Autoradiographic Analyses on Root Primordia and Root Apices ofMarsilea Strigosa

Avanzi¹,

D’Amato²

1970

Caryologia

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“…Some insight into this possible site of action may be gained from an analysis of the alterations known to occur in lymphocyte nuclei within minutes after stimulation of whole lymphocytes by PHA. These changes include, in the sequence observed: increased histone acetylation, increased phosphorylation of nuclear proteins, and increased nuclear RNA synthesis (21 Various other events have been observed within the first 30 min of PHA action, including enhanced membrane transport of leucine, uridine, choline, and glucose (22), enhanced sodium and potassium exchange-pump activity (23), and increased incorporation of phosphate into membrane phosphatidylinositol as well as into other lipids (24). The relationship of these concomitant changes in membrane transport and metabolism to mitogenic action, changes in concentration of cyclic GMP, or nuclear events remains to be established.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guanosine 3′:5′-Cyclic Monophosphate: A Possible Intracellular Mediator of Mitogenic Influences in Lymphocytes

Hadden

Haddox

et al. 1972

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

342

114

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Adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) has been shown to have an antimitotic role in various cell types, and it has been hypothesized that'a decrease of cyclic AMP concentration in the cell initiates or permits cell division. This hypothesis has been evaluated with respect to clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. Two potent mitogenic agents, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, which induce thymic-dependent lymphocytes to undergo clonal' proliferation, were examined for their ability to initiate proliferation and to alter the concentrations of cyclic AMP and guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in purified human peripheral blood-lymphocytes. Optimal mitogenic concentrations of phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A produced 10-to 50-fold 'increases in the concentration of lymphocyte cyclic GMP within the first 20 min of'exposure to the mitogens. No changes were seen in the concentration of cyclic AMP after stimulation with either mitogen in purified form. Increases of less than 2-fold in 'the concentration of lymphocyte cyclic AMP observed with a less purified preparation of phytohemagglutinin could be attributed to the agglutinating rather than the mitogenic properties of the mitogen. A revised hypothesis' is presented in which a temporally discrete rise in lymphocyte cyclic GMP concentration is viewed as an active signal to induce proliferation, while the elevation of cyclic AMP concentration in these cells is viewed as a regulatory influence that limits or inhibits mitogenic action.The lymphocyte, a cell whose normal functions include, clonal proliferation after stimulation by antigen, provides a model for studying the biochemical events related to initiation of cellular division. Mitogens, such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), have been used to induce clonal proliferation in lymphocytes, particularly those derived from the thymus. Several experiments (1-6) have been performed in which the relationship between cyclic AMP concentration and mitogen-induced lymphocyte division has been investigated. The results indicate (a) that cyclic AMP itself does not significantly stimulate division of lymphocytes in the resting phase ("Go" or "G1" phase) of the cell cycle (1), (b) that increases in cyclic AMP concentration resulting from stimulation by hormones and polynucleotides do not induce lymphocytes to divide (2, 3), and (c) that agents that promote increases in Iymphocyte cyclic AMP concentration inhibit mitogen-induced clonal proliferation (4-6).Abbreviations: PHA, phytohemagglutinin; Con A, concanavalin A.t To whom reprint requests should be addressed: Box 494 Mayo, University of Minnesota Hospitals, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455.In contrast to the foregoing is the observation that high concentrations of PHA can induce small increases in the amounts of cyclic AMP in lymphocytes (4). These observations have been interpreted as support for the concept that PHA exerts its mitogenic effects through an increase in cellular cyclic AMP concentration. Support for the o...

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“…This "knowhow" is located mainly in the amino-terminal tails of the core histones [21] . The first association between a histone tail modification and a particular functional state of chromatin was reported by Pogo et al [22] and Hebbes et al [23] . It was shown that transcriptionally active chromatin fractions are enriched in acetylated histones, whereas regions of facultative heterochromatin and transcriptionally silent constitutive were located in underacetylated regions [24] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Hox epigenetic code

Ezziane¹

2012

WJCO

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Archetypes of histone modifications associated with diverse chromosomal states that regulate access to DNA are leading the hypothesis of the histone code (or epigenetic code). However, it is still not evident how these post-translational modifications of histone tails lead to changes in chromatin structure. Histone modifications are able to activate and/or inactivate several genes and can be transmitted to next generation cells due to an epigenetic memory. The challenging issue is to identify or "decrypt" the code used to transmit these modifications to descent cells. Here, an attempt is made to describe how histone modifications operate as part of histone code that stipulates patterns of gene expression. This papers emphasizes particularly on the correlation between histone modifications and patterns of Hox gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans . This work serves as an example to illustrate the power of the epigenetic machinery and its use in drug design and discovery.

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RNA synthesis and histone acetylation during the course of gene activation in lymphocytes.

Cited by 415 publications

References 19 publications

Cytochemical and Autoradiographic Analyses on Root Primordia and Root Apices ofMarsilea Strigosa

Cytochemical and Autoradiographic Analyses on Root Primordia and Root Apices ofMarsilea Strigosa

Guanosine 3′:5′-Cyclic Monophosphate: A Possible Intracellular Mediator of Mitogenic Influences in Lymphocytes

Analysis of the Hox epigenetic code

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