DNA computing is a discipline that aims at harnessing individual molecules at the
nanoscopic level for computational purposes. Computation with DNA molecules possesses
an inherent interest for researchers in computers and biology. Given its vast parallelism and
high-density storage, DNA computing approaches are employed to solve many
combinatorial problems. However, the exponential scaling of the solution space prevents
applying an exhaustive search method to problem instances of realistic size, and therefore
artificial intelligence models are used in designing methods that are more efficient. DNA
has also been explored as an excellent material and a fundamental building block for
building large-scale nanostructures, constructing individual nanomechanical devices, and
performing computations. Molecular-scale autonomous programmable computers are
demonstrated allowing both input and output information to be in molecular
form. This paper presents a review of recent advances in DNA computing and
presents major achievements and challenges for researchers in the foreseeable
future.
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