River ecosystem assessment and application in ecological restorations: A mathematical approach based on evaluating its structure and function

Application of a Cloud Model-Set Pair Analysis in Hazard Assessment for Biomass Gasification Stations

“…In regard to the traditional method of SPA, the assessment results are expressed as constant values due to indices weights were constant values. As AHP has been widely used in the confirmation of indices weights for SPA [32,33], thereby using AHP to confirm indices weights for the compared hazard assessment by SPA. In order to ensure the comparability, the data used in this paper were employed again to make hazard assessment by AHP based SPA.…”

“…In order to ensure the comparability, the data used in this paper were employed again to make hazard assessment by AHP based SPA. Owing to AHP was a classical approach [51] and the limited space in this paper, a brief introduction for the confirmation of indices weights obtained by AHP was given as followed [32]. …”

“…The pair-wise comparisons [32] are used to make judgments for the importance of criteria to middle factors and middle factors to the overall objective, then the obtained pair-wise comparison is reflected by the judgments matrix. Herein, the 1/9-9 scale [33] is used to make comparison.…”

“…The information entropy method (IEM) can be utilized to confirm the index weight [22,24,25,30]. AHP can also be used to confirm the index weight [32,33]. Furthermore, fuzzy methods can be coupled with AHP, and the fuzzy AHP will make the index weight more reasonable [23].…”

Hazard Assessment for Biomass Gasification Station Using General Set Pair Analysis

“…In their model, the actual problem of the stability of the surrounding rocks was described by extenics. In addition, SPA can be utilized in the multifunctional assessment of crop production (Tao et al 2014), assessment of river ecosystems (Jiang et al 2015), evaluation of sustainable water resources systems (Du et al 2015), health assessment of urban ecosystems (Su et al 2009), risk assessment of water pollution sources , evaluation of industrial wastewater (Yue et al 2014), and prediction analysis of integrated carrying capacity for cities (Wei et al 2016). However, hazardous factors of biomass gasification station are complicated, and the safety requirements are high.…”