River discharges of water and nutrients to the Mediterranean and Black Sea: Major drivers for ecosystem changes during past and future decades?

Ludwig, Wolfgang; Dumont, Egon; Meybeck, Michel; Heussner, Serge

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.02.001

Cited by 614 publications

(564 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The observations range comes from the data-gathering by Sanchez-Gomez et al (2011) for the P, E and E-P terms ; from Ludwig et al (2009) and Struglia et al (2004) for R ; from Lacombe and Tchernia (1972) ;Stanev et al (2000) and Kourafalou and Barbopoulos (2003) for B ; from Soto-Navarro et al (2010) and Soto-Navarro et al (2014) for GWT and E-P-R-B. For the simulations HIS and A2, the P and E terms were not separated as single model outputs, they are thus not available historical simulation HIS-F uses the surface fluxes from the newer version RCM4 and is the baseline of the scenario simulations A2-F, A2-RF, A2-ARF, A1B-ARF and B1-ARF.…”

Section: Simulations Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Sea response to climate change in an ensemble of twenty first century scenarios

et al. 2015

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to quantify the socio-economic uncertainty. Our 6-member scenario simulations display a warming and saltening of the Mediterranean. For the 2070-2099 period compared to , the sea surface temperature anomalies range from +1.73 to +2.97 °C and the SSS anomalies spread from +0.48 to +0.89. In most of the cases, we found that the future Mediterranean thermohaline circulation (MTHC) tends to reach a situation similar to the eastern Mediterranean Transient. However, this response is varying depending on the chosen boundary conditions and socio-economic scenarios. Our numerical experiments suggest that the choice of the near-Atlantic surface water evolution, which is very uncertain in General Circulation Models, has the largest impact on the evolution of the Mediterranean water masses, followed by the choice of the socio-economic scenario. The choice of river runoff and atmospheric forcing both have a smaller impact. The state of the MTHC during the historical period is found to have a large influence on the transfer of surface anomalies toward depth. Besides, subsurface currents are substantially modified in the Ionian Sea and the Balearic region. Finally, the response of thermosteric sea level ranges from +34 to +49 cm (2070-2099 vs. 1961-1990), mainly depending on the Atlantic forcing.

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Section: Simulations Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Sea response to climate change in an ensemble of twenty first century scenarios

et al. 2015

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“…23 For P, the estimated loading from direct wastewater discharges is on the same order of magnitude as the P input delivered by rivers. 24 Other than the data collected by UNEP/WHO, 23 estimates of P and N inputs associated with wastewater effluents are only available for selected regions and local areas of the MS (e.g., refs 25−28 and SI Table S4). Furthermore, the variable reliability of data sources, and the lack of consistent estimation methods, complicates the assessment of uncertainties associated with reported wastewater inputs of P and N to the MS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Discharges of Domestic Wastewater are a Major Source of Phosphorus and Nitrogen to the Mediterranean Sea

Powley

Dürr

Lima

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Direct discharges of treated and untreated wastewater are important sources of nutrients to coastal marine ecosystems and contribute to their eutrophication. Here, we estimate the spatially distributed annual inputs of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) associated with direct domestic wastewater discharges from coastal cities to the Mediterranean Sea (MS). According to our best estimates, in 2003 these inputs amounted to 0.9 x 10 9 mol P yr −1 and 15 x 10 9 mol N yr −1 , that is, values on the same order of magnitude as riverine inputs of P and N to the MS. By 2050, in the absence of any mitigation, population growth plus higher per capita protein intake and increased connectivity to the sewer system are projected to increase P inputs to the MS via direct wastewater discharges by 254, 163, and 32% for South, East, and North Mediterranean countries, respectively. Complete conversion to tertiary wastewater treatment would reduce the 2050 inputs to below their 2003 levels, but at an estimated additional cost of over €2 billion yr −1 . Management of coastal eutrophication may be best achieved by targeting tertiary treatment upgrades to the most affected near-shore areas, while simultaneously implementing legislation limiting P in detergents and increasing wastewater reuse across the entire basin

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“…Title: Understanding and managing complex transnational river -sea systems: problems and opportunities in the Danube -Black Sea 4 water runoff in the Black Sea basin) and exports between 36.3 to 52.4 million tons of SPM into the Black Sea per year (c. 48% of the total SPM load) (Ludwig et al, 2009;Mikhailov & Mikhailova, 2008). However, over the last few decades the Danube Basin region and the Black Sea have experienced marked declines in water quality, largely due to human activities such as agriculture and industry.…”

Section: Special Issue Science Of the Total Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Danube controls the sedimentation on the north-western Black Sea shelf, impacting southwards to the Bosphorus region, as well as down to the deep-sea parts of the basin (Panin & Jipa, 2002). Human activity within the basin results in excessive nutrients inputs into the water bodies within the Danube River Basin (Ludwig et al, 2009;Istvánovics & Honti, 2012;Capet et al, 2013), while significant quantities of sediment are also retained in reservoirs (Rovira et al, 2014) where dams have been constructed. These factors have contributed to pervasive eutrophication and sediment deficit throughout the course of the river and also in the downstream estuarine and coastal areas.…”

Section: Special Issue Science Of the Total Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in Earth observation for the assessment and monitoring of inland, transitional, coastal and shelf-sea waters

Tyler

Hunter

Spyrakos

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

121

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The Earth's surface waters are a fundamental resource and encompass a broad range of ecosystems that are core to global biogeochemical cycling and food and energy production.Despite this, the Earth's surface waters are impacted by multiple natural and anthropogenic pressures and drivers of environmental change. The complex interaction between physical, chemical and biological processes in surface waters poses significant challenges for in situ monitoring and assessment and often limits our ability to adequately capture the dynamics of aquatic systems and our understanding of their status, functioning and response to pressures. Here we explore the opportunities that Earth observation (EO) has to offer to basin-scale monitoring of water quality over the surface water continuum comprising inland, transition and coastal water bodies, with a particular focus on the Danube and Black Sea region. This review summarises the technological advances in EO and the opportunities that the next generation satellites offer for water quality monitoring. We provide an overview of algorithms for the retrieval of water quality parameters and demonstrate how such models have been used for the assessment and monitoring of inland, transitional, coastal and shelfsea systems. Further, we argue that very few studies have investigated the connectivity between these systems especially in large river-sea systems such as the Danube-Black Sea. Subsequently, we describe current capability in operational processing of archive and near real-time satellite data. We conclude that while the operational use of satellites for the assessment and monitoring of surface waters is still developing for inland and coastal waters and more work is required on the development and validation of remote sensing algorithms for these optically complex waters, the potential that these data streams offer for developing an improved, potentially paradigm-shifting understanding of physical and biogeochemical processes across large scale river-sea continuum including the Danube-Black Sea is considerable.

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River discharges of water and nutrients to the Mediterranean and Black Sea: Major drivers for ecosystem changes during past and future decades?

Cited by 614 publications

References 56 publications

Mediterranean Sea response to climate change in an ensemble of twenty first century scenarios

Mediterranean Sea response to climate change in an ensemble of twenty first century scenarios

Direct Discharges of Domestic Wastewater are a Major Source of Phosphorus and Nitrogen to the Mediterranean Sea

Developments in Earth observation for the assessment and monitoring of inland, transitional, coastal and shelf-sea waters

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