Risperidone‐Induced Renal Damage and Metabolic Side Effects: The Protective Effect of Resveratrol

Abstract

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the possible protective qualities of resveratrol (RSV) against the side effects of risperidone (RIS) in an experimental model in rat kidneys with histologic and biochemical assessments. Materials and Methods Experimental procedures were performed on 35 female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, untreated rats (n = 7) were in group 1; group 2 was given 2 mg/kg/day RIS (n = 7); group 3 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 20 mg/kg/day RSV (n = 7); group 4 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 40 mg/kg/day RSV (n = 7); and group 5 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 80 mg/kg/day RSV (n = 7). All treatments were administered for two weeks by gavage. On treatment day 15, kidney tissues were removed for analysis. Results The results showed that RSV treatment reduced weight gain induced by RIS. In addition, RSV increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) and decreased serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study revealed that treatment with RSV might protect kidney tissues against the side effects of RIS. RSV could be an effective course of therapy to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

Risperidone Toxicity on Human Blood Lymphocytes in Nano molar Concentrations

“…Furthermore, immune function pathways related to T cell maturation/differentiation were among the most heavily impacted by risperidone treatment, strongly suggesting that reduced plasma con- centrations of multiple cytokines and immune modulators is a mechanism for the risperidone induced immunosuppression [28,29]. Previous experimental evidences have established risperidone can damage to the different cells by inducing oxidative stress [10,11,24].…”

“…In addition, risperidone has the ability to decrease the level of intracellular antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione (GSH), and increase the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO). These events indicate oxidative stress [10][11][12]. Reports indicate that some antipsychotic drugs, such as risperidone, have the ability to inhibit and impair mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) function.…”

Resveratrol: Latest Scientific Evidences of its Chemical, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potentials

“…73 Overall, the findings indicate that resveratrol play a positive role in the kidney of uremic rats by activating HSP70 expression. 73 In a study conducted on female Sprague Dawley rats 95 , there was increased total antioxidant status, decreased Cr, BUN, OS-index and total oxidant status as well as reduced weight gain following resveratrol treatment for 15 days. It was concluded that the side effects of risperidone on kidney tissues can be prevented with resveratrol which has a kidney protective effect.…”

“…It was concluded that the side effects of risperidone on kidney tissues can be prevented with resveratrol which has a kidney protective effect. 95…”

“…and PGC1αZhao et al80 ; Floyd et al81 Cardioprotection•Regulates eNOS • ↑ AMPK • ↓ p70 S6 kinase pro-hypertrophic signaling cascade • Regulates PI3-kinase-Akt-Bcl-2 Bonnefont-Rousselot 83 ; Leikert et al 84 ; Dolinsky et al 85 ; Göçmen et al 88 Antioxidant • ↑ SOD3 and NQO1 • ↑ Up-regulation of Nrf-2 • ↓ OS • ↓ ROS Chatterjee et al 89 ; Gerszon et al 90 ; Iuga et al 91 Anti-aging • Up-regulation of AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1-α • Down-regulation of Akt/mTOR • Regulation of SIRT-1 • ↓ OS Wang et al 92 ; Li et al 93 ; Baxter 94 Nephroprotection • ↑ HSP70 and p-IκBα expression • ↓ p-65 • ↑ Endogenous antioxidant system Feng et al73 ; Bilgiç et al95 …”