Risks of Radiation at Low Dose Rates

Baverstock, Keith; Papworth, D.G.; Vennart, J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91804-3

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Radium dial painters had no leukaemia (Baverstock et al, 1989). Women who worked < _2 years (average lifetime dose = 40 cGy) had an SMR for non-cancer deaths of 0.72, p < 0.01 (Kondo, 1993 …”

Section: Englandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Documented optimum and threshold for ionising radiation

Luckey

2007

IJNUCL

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A concept of the complete dose-response curve of ionising radiation will allow us to live in harmony with this ubiquitous agent. Convincing data show ionising radiation is essential for life. Ambient levels of ionising radiation (about 2 mSv/y without medical and cosmic radiation) are adequate for life but insufficient for abundant health. We live with a partial deficiency of ionising radiation. Thousands of people have lived for generations with 2-20 times the ambient levels of radiation without showing ill health. A conservative threshold, the maximum safe level of radiation, was estimated from abundant rodent data to be about 8000 mSv/y. When human and rodent data were collated, a conservative optimum of 60 mSv/y was obtained. Radiation levels greater than the threshold are harmful. The facts suggest that radiobiologists and governments should abandon the 'linear no threshold' (LNT) paradigm and accept natural and industrial low level sources of ionising radiation in order to promote abundant health.

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Section: Englandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Documented optimum and threshold for ionising radiation

Luckey

2007

IJNUCL

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“…Increased risk of breast cancer has been observed in women who received multiple fluoroscopies of the chest (66)(67)(68)(69)(70), women treated with radiation for acute postpartum mastitis (71)(72)(73), acne (74), and benign breast diseases (73), women exposed to atomic bombs in Japan (75,76), and women who worked with paint containing radium (77). The doseresponse curve appears to be linear within a wide range of dosages (70,72,76,78), but with some evidence of a leveling off of the curve at high doses.…”

Section: Possible Promotors Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Girls exposed prior to breast development are not at increased risk, and those irradiated in early adulthood are at greater risk than women irradiated later in life (70,73,(76)(77)(78). In addition, risk of breast cancer was increased to a greater extent in women treated with x-rays for postpartum mastitis following their first child than in women so treated after the birth of other children (79).…”

Section: Possible Promotors Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors that promote the development of human breast cancer.

Thomas¹

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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Epidemiologic and endocrinologic studies of breast cancer etiology are reviewed in the context of the Moolgavkar two-stage model for mammary carcinogenesis. Promoters are hypothesized to enhance the growth of stem and intermediate cells, and initiators are assumed to cause stem and intermediate cells to give rise to intermediate and tumor cells, respectively. Although all epidemiologic features of breast cancer can be explained in terms of the cellular events supposed by the model, the specific causes of breast cancer are largely unknown. Aberrations in endogenous steroid sex hormones most probably act as promoters, although their exact nature and etiology are unclear. Ionizing radiation is the only known initiator. The two-stage model implies that others exist and that they are responsible for both the international variation in risk of breast cancer, and its familial aggregation. Results of endocrinologic studies suggest either that aberrations in endogenous sex hormones serve as such initiators or are correlated with them, or that familial and international variations in risk are mediated by promoters.

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“…It is clear that a woman's risk of developing breast cancer is increased if she is exposed to ionizing radiation, particularly early in life. Of historic interest, radiation exposure and subsequent breast cancer have been observed in survivors of atomic bombings, radium workers, tuberculosis patients exposed to multiple fluoroscopic examinations, and women with benign breast diseases and infants with thymic enlargement who underwent therapeutic irradiation [5][6][7][8][9][10]. An example of a more contemporary clinical concern, however, relates to the risk of breast cancer in women who, at a young age, received mantle irradiation for Hodgkin's disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%