Risks of introduction and economic consequences associated with African swine fever, classical swine fever and foot‐and‐mouth disease: A review of the literature

Abstract

Domestic livestock production plays a vital role in human health and nutrition, food security, rural poverty reduction and overall agronomic health (Randolph et al., 2007;Tomley & Shirley, 2009). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that 40% of the global value of agricultural output is provided by livestock and 1.3 billion people are dependent on livestock for their livelihoods and food security (FAO, 2019a). Emerging and re-emerging pathogens pose a significant threat to livestock industries across the globe, as they can have serious impacts in terms of livestock morbidity and mortality, production losses, consumer demand and costs associated with treatment and control. Some of the most challenging and economically burdensome diseases are those transmitted between wildlife and domestic animals (Miller et al., 2017). Diseases transmitted at the domestic animal-wildlife interface are increasingly challenging

Modelling and assessing additional transmission routes for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: vehicle movements and feed ingredients

“…All four transportation vehicle networks were strongly more connected than the pig movement network, thus between farm contacts by vehicles have the potential to propagate pathogens widely and faster than moving live animals between-farms. Thus, we remark that the greater potential that transportation vehicles showed could potentially explain the continued and long standing frustration of swine veterinarians in controlling PRRSV spread, and importantly pose a great challenge to surveillance and effective control of endemic disease in North America and eradication of for example ASF (Brown et al, 2020).…”

“…Another important limitation of our modelling work was the lack of information about the immunization strategies used by each farm, which could have reduced the probability of infection. Despite the limitations, this is the first study that considered several sources of information at farm level to reproduce the transmission dynamic of PRRSV, which provide robust results to the swine industry and regulatory agencies with needed information for better control of PRRSV spread, importantly also help in the identification of most important vulnerabilities offering an unique opportunity to enhance the control of endemic disease while also in preparation of responses to future threats (Herrera-Ibatá et al, 2018; Jurado et al, 2019; Brown et al, 2020).…”

Rooting Out Genetic Structure of Invasive Wild Pigs in Texas

“…These vast areas of admixed and spatially dispersed clusters create additional challenges. For example, the control of a foreign animal disease upon introduction in a weakly resolved, spatially dispersed genetic cluster would necessitate the coordination of management action across an extensive area (Brown et al 2020, Delgado-Acevedo et al 2021. With genetic patterns demonstrating high rates of connectivity throughout and among these spatially dispersed clusters, policies are needed to limit anthropogenic movement and remove economic incentives that encourage the translocation and release of wild pigs.…”

African swine fever vaccine: Turning a dream into reality

“…The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) lists African swine fever (ASF) as a notifiable disease (OIE, 2021a). This notification has given rise to restrictions in the pig and pork trade, with serious economic consequences (Brown et al., 2021; Niemi, 2020). ASF was first reported in Kenya in 1921, and was described as an acute haemorrhagic fever that caused high mortality in imported European pigs (Montgomery, 1921).…”