Risk, protective, AOD knowledge, attitude, and AOD behavior. Factors associated with characteristics of high-risk youth

Who is that masked person: The use of face masks on Mexico City public transportation during the Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak

“…More aggressive car driving behavior among males than females has been documented in the literature ( [11,12]). Sex difference features prominently in accident risk [13], drugtaking [14], gambling and financial decisions ( [15,16]) and outdoor activities [17]. Psychological studies have found that females find risky situations more stressful [18].…”

Sex Differences in Everyday Risk-Taking Behavior in Humans

“…In species like humans where risk-taking may itself become a form of display, this sex difference may be exaggerated and risk-taking may characterize many aspects of behavior. Many studies have noted that young human males are more prone than females to take risks in relation to conflict (Campbell, 1999; Daly and Wilson, 1988; Wilson and Daly, 1993,) and sexual behavior (Clift, Wilkins, and Davidson, 1993; Poppen 1995), as well as in such situations as car driving (Chen, Baker, Braver, and Li, 2000; Flisher, Ziervogel, Charlton, Leger, and Roberston, 1993; Harre, Field, and Kirkwood, 1996), accident risk (Fetchenhauer and Rohde, 2002), drug-taking (Tyler and Lichtenstein, 1997), gambling and financial decisions (Bruce and Johnson, 1994, Powell and Ansic, 1997) and outdoor activities (Howland, Hingson, Mangione, and Bell, 1996, Wilson, Daly, Gordon, and Pratt, 1996). Indeed, psychological studies have found that females find risky situations more stressful than males do (Kerr and Vlaminkx, 1997).…”

Psychopathology of Excitatory and Compulsive Aspects of Vandalistic Graffiti

“…The enormous difference in the number of males and females involved (154 males vs 8 females) might reflect other findings that males behave in more risky ways than females (Wilson, Daly, Gordon, & Pratt, 1996;Green, 2003;Pawlowski, Atwal, & Dunbar, 2008), as in situations such as drugtaking, gambling (Bruce & Johnson, 1994;Tyler & Lichtenstein, 1997), and even in everyday situations which are relatively unlikely to produce lifethreatening incidents. This suggests risk-taking may be a pervasive feature of the human male.…”

“…It appears modern industrial society has lost touch with a basic human need for ritualistic acknowledgment of transition from one life stage to another. In older, tribal societies, these transitions were called "rites of passage" and were a crucial part of village life (van Gennep, 1909;Weisfeld, 1997;Bell, 2003). Today, many adolescents have no clearly marked rituals in making a successful transition to young adulthood.…”