Risk Predictors of High Uric Acid Levels Among Patients with Type-2 Diabetes

Abstract

Objective Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of the negative consequences of hyperuricemia. The objective of this study was to investigate gender and age-specific differences in the uric acid levels and to evaluate the associated risk factors among patients with diabetes. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Strategic Center for Diabetes Research from September 2019 to January 2020, among adult type-2 diabetic patients. Serum uric acid (SUA) and several other metabolic and clinical parameters were examined. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify risk factors independently associated with hyperuricemia. Results A total of 433 patients were included in the analysis. SUA level was higher in males than females (5.82±1.65 mg/dL versus 5.29±1.54 mg/dL, p < 0.001). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher in females than males (28.8% versus 20.5%, p = 0.049). There was no significant difference in uric acid levels or the prevalence of hyperuricemia by age groups in the total sample or gender-stratified samples. In multivariate analysis, hyperuricemia was associated with bigger hip circumference (odds ratios [OR] were 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.05), higher triglycerides (OR = 1.005, 95% CI = 1.002–1.008), and higher serum creatinine (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.21–1.49). Hip circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and serum creatinine were independent risk factors in males, while triglycerides and higher serum creatinine were independent risk factors among females. Conclusion The present study demonstrates gender-specific differences in the uric acid levels and hyperuricemia prevalence. In males and females, hyperuricemia was associated with hip circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and serum creatinine. Future large studies are needed to confirm our findings, especially in elderly females.

Prevalence of hyperuricemia, associated factors and its effect on risk of coronary artery disease among out-patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Uganda

“…The risk of hyperuricemia increased as the eGFR worsened. This was in line with other studies done in Cameroon and Saudi Arabia which found that low eGFR is associated with hyperuricemia [10], [14]. Decreased eGFR is associated with a decrease in uric acid excretion hence causing hyperuricemia.…”

“…In Contrast to our study, a study done by Eljaaly and colleagues in Saud Arabia reported a lower prevalence of hyperuricemia in DM. This lower prevalence may be because their study was a retrospective study while our study was a prospective study, they had a small age range of 35-70 years while ours was 18-86 years and they excluded all patients with DM duration >20 years while we included all DM patient regardless of the duration [14]. A study done in Botswana by Gobusamang and colleagues also reported a lower prevalence [15].…”

Serum uric acid/creatinine ratio and free androgen index are synergistically associated with increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in obese women

“…The close association between elevated serum uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism, and PCOS has been previously reported [19,26] on the other hand, obesity is thought to be the driver of renal disease in women with PCOS [27]. Uric acid and creatinine levels are positively associated with the most metabolic disorders related to PCOS such as obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension [28][29][30][31][32]. Additionally, a relationship between serum creatinine and hyperuricemia in both men and women has been previously established [30,33] thus, the application of the UA/Cr ratio reduces the interference due to sex and renal function [34].…”

“…Uric acid and creatinine levels are positively associated with the most metabolic disorders related to PCOS such as obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension [28][29][30][31][32]. Additionally, a relationship between serum creatinine and hyperuricemia in both men and women has been previously established [30,33] thus, the application of the UA/Cr ratio reduces the interference due to sex and renal function [34]. Indeed, serum UA/Cr ratio reflects the endogenous uric acid levels more precisely than uric acid and is closely related to metabolic disorders [35].…”

Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Biochemical Study on Anthropometry in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

“…TG was positively associated with SUA; this result is consistent with those of previous studies. 61,62 Some studies from different geographical regions of China have found higher TG to be associated with higher SUA. 63,64 Qiu et al 64 found a 3.3-fold elevated HUA risk in participants with TG ≥ 5.65 mmol/L compared with those with TG < 1.69 mmol/L.…”