Risk of coronary heart disease in the rural population in Xinjiang: A nested case-control study in China

Abstract

Background and aimCoronary heart disease (CHD) is a chronic complex disease caused by a combination of factors such as lifestyle behaviors and environmental and genetic factors. We conducted this study to evaluate the risk factors affecting the development of CHD in Xinjiang, and to obtain valuable information for formulating appropriate local public health policies. MethodWe conducted a nested case-control study with 277 confirmed CHD cases and 554 matched controls. The association of the risk factors with the risk of CHD was assessed using the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Multiplicative interactions were evaluated by entering interaction terms in the Cox proportional hazard model. The additive interactions among the risk factors were assessed by the index of additive interaction. ResultsThe risk of CHD increased with frequent high-fat food consumption, dyslipidemia, obesity, and family history of CHD after adjustment for drinking, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, family history of hypertension, and family history of diabetes. We noted consistent interactions between family history of CHD and frequent high-fat food consumption, family history of CHD and obesity, frequent high-fat food consumption and obesity, frequent high-fat food consumption and dyslipidemia, and obesity and dyslipidemia. The risk of CHD events increased with the presence of the aforementioned interactions. ConclusionsFrequent high-fat food consumption, family history of CHD, dyslipidemia and obesity were independent risk factors for CHD, and their interactions are important for public health interventions in patients with CHD in Xinjiang. PLOS ONEPLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.Cases were selected from among the participants who experienced their first CHD event during the follow-up. The presence of CHD was determined on the basis of self-reported questionnaire responses, medical insurance records, and local hospital discharge records from 2009 to 2017. Patients with self-reported CHD findings were required to have a certificate of CHD diagnosis from the medical institution of their township during investigation. Multiple PLOS ONENested case-control study of coronary heart disease PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.

Association of demographics, cardiovascular indicators and disability characteristics with 7-year coronary heart disease incident in persons with disabilities

“…The incidence rate of CHD in this study was 15.15/1000 person-years for people with disabilities, while it was 16.59/1000 person-years for those with physical disabilities. This result far exceeds the 5.57–6.37/1000 person-years from cohort studies in the general Chinese population [ 25 , 26 ]. Consistent with the previous studies, our results demonstrated that people with disabilities have a higher risk of CHD than their healthy peers.…”

Epidemiological analysis of coronary heart disease and its main risk factors: are their associations multiplicative, additive, or interactive?

“…Traditionally, most epidemiological studies and treatment algorithms have considered the CHD risk factors as independent predictors [ 8 ], which may distort conclusions due to unidentified interactions. This is somewhat surprising as studies addressing the interactions across CHD risk factors have emphasised their importance and revealed associations of modifiable risk factors particularly with the family history and genetic risk [ 9–13 ], but also across the modifiable risk factors, for example, between dyslipidemia and smoking, dyslipidemia and hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity, and diabetes and hypertension [ 11 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Depression increased risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

“…The growing burden of CHD has been a main public health problem in China (6). Despite the pathogeny of CHD is not entirely clear, risk factors such as age, gender, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and unhealthy living habits like smoking, could explain about 50-60% of the etiology of CHD (7)(8)(9).…”