Risk of Contracting Hepatitis B From Discarded Syringes

High level of exposure to hepatitis B virus infection in a vulnerable population of a low endemic area: A challenge for vaccination coverage

“…The association between HBV exposure and older age has been commonly reported and suggests that people born before vaccination programs were more exposed to the risk of infection and, over time, there is an increase and cumulative risk for HBV infection linked to percutaneous and sexual exposures (Tavares-Neto et al, 2004;Matos et al, 2008;Marinho et al, 2014;Villar et al, 2015). In addition, history of surgery and tattoos also remained associated with the risk of HBV exposure in this study, which reinforces the blood pathway as an important route for HBV infection (Cocchi et al, 1984). On the other hand, HBV exposure decreased among participants with higher educational levels, which might be due to awareness of HBV prevention, including the safe handling of recyclable waste and HBV vaccination (Figure 2).…”

Infectious diseases occurring in the context of substance use disorders: A concise review

“…The process of sharing needles can result in transmission of bodily fluids. The HIV virus and the hepatitis B and C viruses have been shown to survive on dry surfaces for days to weeks [20][21][22].…”

Elucidating the role of environmental management of forests, air quality, solid waste and wastewater on the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2

“…Other viral genomes detected in solid waste include noroviruses, hepatitis B virus, poliovirus 3 and echovirus 2 in human tissue wastes, discarded needles and faecal matter in solid in municipal solid waste (MSW) and Ebola virus RNA in gloves ( Cocchi et al, 1984 ; Walsh et al 1987 ; Collins and Kennedy, 1992 ; Bausch et al, 2007 ; Park et al, 2009 ; Paintsil et al, 2010 ). Carducci et al (2013) detected infective torque teno virus (TTV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) in bio aerosols of landfill, recycling plant air, incinerator and waste vehicles surfaces.…”