High level of exposure to hepatitis B virus infection in a vulnerable population of a low endemic area: A challenge for vaccination coverage

Weis-Torres, Sabrina Moreira dos Santos; Fitts, Sonia Maria Fernandes; Cardoso, Wesley Márcio; Higa, Minoru; Lima, Livia Alves; Bandeira, Larissa Melo; Castro, Vivianne O. L.; Carneiro, Fátima; Iglecias, Luciana Maria Marangoni; Cesar, Gabriela Alves; Tanaka, Tayana Serpa Ortiz; Puga, Marco Antonio Moreira; Rezende, Grazielli Rocha de; Croda, Júlio; Lago, Bárbara Vieira do; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2019.09.029

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…After screening the abstracts, we excluded other 18 papers (study not conducted in Brazil or not carried out with waste pickers). From the 13 studies selected to be read in full, only 5 [8][9][10][11]15 remained in the meta-analysis (Figure 1, Box).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These workers mainly collect materials from garbage cans, the streets, and domestic, industrial, hospital and commercial sources for sale, recycling or reuse for their own consumption 8 . During collection, they are constantly exposed to physical (cuts and mutilations), chemical (heavy metal contamination or toxic products), and biological (human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis and other infectious diseases) risks caused by contact with sharp items, besides dealing with social exclusion due to their socioeconomic status 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Souza-Silva¹,

Mol²

2021

Rev. saúde pública

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers. METHODS: We performed a literature search in the SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Web of Science databases using the descriptors: “hepatitis B” AND (“informal recycling” OR “waste picker” OR “recyclable waste collectors” OR “solid waste segregator”) AND (“recyclable waste” OR “solid waste”) AND Brazil. Epidemiological studies on HBV in Brazilian waste pickers published prior to February 2020 were included and evaluated for quality and bias using a funnel plot. RESULTS: This meta-analysis consisted of five articles. Prevalence of HBV surface antigen seropositivity was 14% (95%CI: 6%–22%) in Brazilian waste pickers. CONCLUSION: HBV prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers remains high. There should be more campaigns showing the importance of vaccination and personal protective equipment use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Souza-Silva¹,

Mol²

2021

Rev. saúde pública

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“…HBV is mainly transmitted by percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood or body fluids[ 26 ]. Perinatal transmission is the primary route of infection in endemic regions[ 27 ], while the most direct route in the low-endemic regions is sexual transmission[ 28 ]. Globally, the epidemiology of HBV infection is changing, influenced by infant vaccination programs and migration between low- and high-prevalence populations[ 29 ].…”

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver

Škrlec¹,

Talapko²

2022

WJG

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The circadian rhythm in humans is determined by the central clock located in the hypothalamus’s suprachiasmatic nucleus, and it synchronizes the peripheral clocks in other tissues. Circadian clock genes and clock-controlled genes exist in almost all cell types. They have an essential role in many physiological processes, including lipid metabolism in the liver, regulation of the immune system, and the severity of infections. In addition, circadian rhythm genes can stimulate the immune response of host cells to virus infection. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver disease and liver cancer globally. HBV infection depends on the host cell, and hepatocyte circadian rhythm genes are associated with HBV replication, survival, and spread. The core circadian rhythm proteins, REV-ERB and brain and muscle ARNTL-like protein 1, have a crucial role in HBV replication in hepatocytes. In addition to influencing the virus’s life cycle, the circadian rhythm also affects the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of antiviral vaccines. Therefore, it is vital to apply antiviral therapy at the appropriate time of day to reduce toxicity and improve the effectiveness of antiviral treatment. For these reasons, understanding the role of the circadian rhythm in the regulation of HBV infection and host responses to the virus provides us with a new perspective of the interplay of the circadian rhythm and anti-HBV therapy. Therefore, this review emphasizes the importance of the circadian rhythm in HBV infection and the optimization of antiviral treatment based on the circadian rhythm-dependent immune response.

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“…The World Alliance against Viral Hepatitis and WHO currently promote strategies to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health problem, to reduce new cases by 90% and deaths from viral hepatitis by 65% by 2030 [ 11 ]. On the other hand, to achieve these goals, it is essential to reach socially vulnerable subpopulations at risk of exposure to HBV and HCV [ 12 , 13 ], such as immigrants and refugees, an emerging population worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and C in Immigrants and Refugees in Central Brazil: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Immunization

Martins

Silva

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Introduction: Eliminating hepatitis B and C in immigrant and refugee populations is a significant challenge worldwide. Given the lack of information in Brazil, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of infections caused by hepatitis B and C viruses and factors associated with hepatitis B in immigrants and refugees residing in central Brazil. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 with 365 immigrants and refugees. Hepatitis B was detected by a rapid immunochromatographic test, enzyme immunoassay, and chemiluminescence, and hepatitis C by rapid immunochromatographic test. Multiple analysis was used to assess factors associated with hepatitis B infection. Results: Of the participants, 57.8% were from Haiti and 35.6% were from Venezuela. Most had been in Brazil for less than 2 years (71.2%). The prevalence of HBV infection and exposure was 6.6% (95% CI: 4.5–9.6%) and 27.9% (95% CI: 23.6–2.8%), respectively, and 34% had isolated anti-HBs positivity. Reporting a sexually transmitted infection was statistically associated with HBV infection (OR: 7.8; 95% CI: 2.3–26.4). No participant with positive anti-HCV serology was found. Conclusions: The study showed that participants were outside the reach of prevention and control actions for hepatitis B. Therefore, public health strategies must be designed to reach, inform, and vaccinate this group.

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High level of exposure to hepatitis B virus infection in a vulnerable population of a low endemic area: A challenge for vaccination coverage

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver

Hepatitis B and C in Immigrants and Refugees in Central Brazil: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Immunization

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