Risk of breast cancer in relation to anthropometry, blood pressure, blood lipids and glucose metabolism: a prospective study within the Malmö Preventive Project

Manjer, Jonas; Kaaks, R.; Riboli, Elio; Berglund, Göran

doi:10.1097/00008469-200102000-00004

Cited by 77 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Also, additional research into the pathways involved in the interrelationships between hypertension, antihypertensive medication use and breast cancer is warranted. What is known about this topic K Hypertension has been linked to some cancer types including renal and endometrial cancers 7-11 K Studies on hypertension and breast cancer have produced mixed results 4,6,9,[12][13][14] What this study adds K This study supports a positive association between treated hypertension and breast cancer among women aged 50-75 years after adjusting for age, BMI, diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, menopausal status, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, age at first full-term pregnancy and education K The association between hypertension and breast cancer was observed only among women with a BMI X25 kg/m 2 K A dose-response association was observed between duration of diuretic use and breast cancer risk Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is a growing body of literature on the relation between obesity and post-menopausal breast cancer risk, the pathways responsible are still under investigation. 3 It has been hypothesized that hypertension and breast cancer may be associated owing to shared risk factors such as high body mass index (BMI) or metabolic syndrome, 4 or common pathophysiologic pathways including those involved in insulin resistance, 5 and hormone synthesis and metabolism. 6 Several studies have examined associations between hypertension and cancer risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there appears to be consistent evidence linking hypertension with both renal cancer 7,8 and endometrial cancer particularly among obese women, 9-11 the results for breast cancer have been less consistent. At least two studies have reported a positive association of hypertension with breast cancer risk, 9,12 whereas others have not reported an association with breast cancer risk 4,13,14 or mortality. 6 Because the relationship between hypertension and breast cancer risk is still unclear, we wanted to further examine this association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk

et al. 2006

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It is unclear whether hypertension and antihypertensive medication use are associated with breast cancer. In order to examine these associations, we conducted a case-control study among women aged 50-75 years. Breast cancer cases were ascertained via a populationbased cancer registry (n ¼ 523) and controls were ascertained via random-digit-dialing (n ¼ 131). Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire which queried history of hypertension, antihypertensive medication use and risk factors. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, menopausal status, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, age at first full-term pregnancy and education.History of treated hypertension was associated with significant increased risk of breast cancer (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.04-3.03) and this association appeared only in women with BMI X25 kg/m 2 (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.12-4.71). Diuretic use was also associated with elevated breast cancer risk (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.07-3.01). The risk associated with diuretic use increased with duration of use (P for trend, o0.01). Use of other blood pressure medications was not found to be associated with breast cancer risk. These results support a positive association between treated hypertension, diuretic use and breast cancer risk among women aged 50-75 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk

et al. 2006

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“…These results were independent of adiposity and body fat distribution. However, in the Malmo Preventive Project, when looking at fasting blood glucose and blood glucose levels after an oral glucose challenge no relationship was found with breast cancer in peri-and postmenopausal women (Manjer et al, 2001).…”

Section: Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 96%

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

et al. 2002

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Aim: The intent of this review is to critically analyze the scientific evidence on the role of the glycemic index in chronic Western disease and to discuss the utility of the glycemic index in the prevention and management of these disease states. Background: The glycemic index ranks foods based on their postprandial blood glucose response. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as their determinants (eg high energy intake, obesity, lack of physical activity) have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Recently, among dietary factors, carbohydrates have attracted much attention as a significant culprit, however, different types of carbohydrate produce varying glycemic and insulinemic responses. Low glycemic index foods, characterized by slowly absorbed carbohydrates, have been shown in some studies to produce beneficial effects on glucose control, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, blood lipids and satiety. Method: Studies on the short and long-term metabolic effects of diets with different glycemic indices will be presented and discussed. The review will focus primarily on clinical and epidemiological data, and will briefly discuss in vitro and animal studies related to possible mechanisms by which the glycemic index may influence chronic disease.

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“…Previous small studies have proclaimed a link with hypertension and breast cancer, [14][15][16][17] whereas others failed to find any association. [18][19][20] A meta-analysis of five case-control studies by Grossman et al 21 reported a nonsignificant increase in risk (adjusted OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.9-1.4). Similarly, prospective large randomized clinical trials such as Syst-Eur, Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 22 Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) 4 and STOP-2 did not find any increased cancer risk with antihypertensive treatment and many consider this to be the definitive answer to the antihypertensives cancer debate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hypertension and breast cancer: an association revisited?

2006

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Hypertension is without doubt a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially prevalent in the developed world. Unsurprisingly, the search for newer, better antihypertensive therapy is ever ongoing, whereas the older, more established drug treatments such as diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors continue to be the mainstay of current treatment guidelines for hypertension. In the main, as a group of drugs, their profiles and complications have been well established from decades of use as well as the many large trials conducted 1-3 that provide unassailable evidence that antihypertensive therapy lowers cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. What is less clear is the relationship between hypertension treatment and overall mortality; indeed, not all studies demonstrate a significant decrease in overall mortality, 4 whereas others report a reduction which is negated over time. 2 One possible reason for this could be the longerterm non-cardiovascular effects of antihypertensive therapy. Indeed, some researchers suggest a link between some antihypertensive drugs and malignancy. The very possibility of there being a relationship is worth considering, not least because as a group of drugs they are among the most frequently prescribed and usually for the longer term.The very idea of a relationship between antihypertensive drugs and cancer is not a new one, with Dyer et al. 5 providing the seminal prospective study investigating the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure with mortality. The study excluded reserpine (an adrenergic antagonist) and implicated hypertension instead as a contributing factor in breast cancer development, contrary to the conclusions of three prior studies. 6-8 Since then, there have been many studies reporting a putative link between antihypertensive drugs and cancer, with diuretics being the most frequently cited culprit, with renal carcinoma being the most common site-specific cancer. 9 In this issue of the Journal of Human Hypertension, Largent et al. 10 describe associations between breast cancer and hypertension, as well as diuretics, in a population-based case-control study. Their study was based on self-administered questionnaires and telephone interviews -rather than clinical observations -and suffers from the inevitable problems of recall bias, as well as an ambiquous definition of antihypertensive drugs and hypertension diagnosis. Despite the limitations, the findings of a small but significant association between hypertension and breast carcinoma (odds ratio (OR) 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-3.0), as well as diuretic use (OR ¼ 1.79; 95% CI 1.0-3.0) merit careful consideration. Confounding variables appear to have been adequately adjusted for, and even with stratified analyses, an increased risk with hypertension was maintained. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the authors also report an increased breast cancer risk coinciding with greater body mass index (BMI) scores, when seen in conjunction with hyperten...

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Risk of breast cancer in relation to anthropometry, blood pressure, blood lipids and glucose metabolism: a prospective study within the Malmö Preventive Project

Cited by 77 publications

References 32 publications

Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk

Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

Hypertension and breast cancer: an association revisited?

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