Risk management approach for monitoring UF membrane integrity and experimental validation using Ms2-phages

Non-enveloped virus reduction with quaternized chitosan nanofibers containing graphene

“…Bacteria are easily removed with an ultrafiltration membrane, although higher than desired backpressures are still required. 8 Antibacterial surfaces made of silver and other metal ions have been created, but these surfaces still need long contact time to reduce microbial titer. 9 Viruses have been removed by nanofiltration membranes using the size-exclusion principle, but they have high backpressures and quickly foul.…”

A Novel Model of Pressure Decay in Pressure-Driven Membrane Integrity Tests Based on the Bubble Dynamic Process

“…Firstly, the real original defect size In addition, it was found that the measured PDR was the highest compared with other values at the beginning. The measured PDR also decreased from 1.03 kPa/s to 0.02 kPa/s after 157.5 s. Using Equations (7) and (8), it was found that the values of the chamber pressure and PDR changed with time, although they followed different trends.…”

“…Brehant et al [7] developed a decision-aid tool to comply with the USEPA rule that requires a resolution of 3 µm when the pressure is higher than 500 mbar, although the model needs to be calibrated on each full-scale membrane system to refine the prediction of LRV. Minnery et al [8] conducted a sensitivity analysis of pressure-based integrity test and solved the defect size resolution using Monte Carlo and probability bounds analysis for five commercial membrane designs.…”

The roles of bacteriophages in membrane-based water and wastewater treatment processes: A review

“…Membrane integrity loss could happen due to physical damage and chemical attack (Ferrer et al, 2013;Ferrer et al, 2015). Therefore, periodically membrane integrity is monitored during operation, so that detecting and repairing membrane defects in the drinking water and wastewater treatment plants are crucial in order to achieve the designed membrane performance (Brehant et al, 2010). Non-invasive direct tests (sonic or acoustic sensing, porosimetry, pressure-based tests, etc.)…”