Risk factors of stunting in children aged 24-59 months

Abstract

Abstract
 Background Childhood stunting (low height-for-age) still remains a global health problem because it increases the risk of disturbances in growth and development as well as mortality. The prevalence of stunting in Bali is 32.5%, with the highest in Gianyar District at 41%. However, little is known about the risk factors of stunting children in Gianyar.
 Objective To investigate the risk factors of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Gianyar.
 Methods This cross-sectional study involved 166 children, collected consecutively, aged 24-59 months, who visited the integrated health posts in 13 community health centers in Gianyar District, Bali from September to November 2016. Stunting is defined as -2SD below the WHO height-for-age z-score (HAZ), according to sex. Statistical analyses were done with Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression tests.
 Results Of 166 subjects, 37 (22.3%) children were stunted. Multivariate analysis revealed that low paternal education (AOR 2.88; 95%CI 1.10 to 7.55; P=0.031), maternal height less than 150 cm (AOR 7.64; 95%CI 2.03 to 28.74; P=0.003), high risk maternal age (AOR 4.24; 95%CI 1.56 to 11.49; P= 0.005), low birth weight (AOR 5.09; 95%CI 1.03 to 25.31; P=0.047), and low birth length (AOR 9.92; 95%CI 1.84 to 53.51; P=0.008) were strongly associated with stunting.
 Conclusion Risk factors for stunting in children are low paternal education, maternal height less than 150 cm, high risk maternal age, low birth weight, and low birth length.

Relationship Between Characteristics of Children, Status of Infectious Disease, and Employment Status of Mothers with Stunting Children at Karanglewas Health Center

“…Based on gender, the majority respondents were females (26.4%). This study is in accordance with the previous research [14] showing that most toddlers experiencing stunting were females (23.3%). The gender statistical test showed no relationship between sex and the incidence of stunting (p-value 0.095).…”

“…Based on bivariate analysis, the proportion of underfive children who were stunting was mostly aged 0-36 months (40.2%), while the rest were aged 37-60 months (10.3%). This research is in line with the previous research [14] explaining that most toddlers who had stunting aged 24-35 months were 41.6%.…”

Mapping Exclusive Breastfeeding Coverage And Toddler Stunting Prevalence In Indonesia Based On Web Geographic Information System

“…Moreover, the exclusive breastfeeding period is part of 1000 first day of life (HPK). [3] [4] In 2018, Indonesia had 30.8% of stunting toddlers, 29.6% in 2017 and 27.54% in 2016. Trend over the last 3 years the prevalence of stunting has increased.…”

ANALISIS FAKTOR MASALAH PERTUMBUHAN: STATUS GIZI, STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA < 5 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SIDOMULYO KOTA PEKANBARU

“…Masalah gizi buruk dan kurang sering terjadi pada bayi dan balita < 5 tahun akibat kelalaian dan pola asuh yang salah dari orangtua mereka(R. Handayani, 2017). Angka Kematian balita (AKABA) dipicu salah satunya dengan masalah gizi pada balita yang tidak mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat(Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2018), akibat dari masalah gizi yang menahun pada balita (Manggala et al, 2018). Status gizi balita dinilai menurut 3 indeks : Berat Badan Menurut Umur (BB/U), Tinggi Badan Menurut Umur (TB/U), Berat Badan Menurut Tinggi Badan (BB/TB) (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2018).…”

“…Sedangkan permasalahan balita yang sangat pendek sebesar 9,8%, balita pendek sebesar 19,8%, angka ini meningkat dari tahun 2016. Indonesia merupakan Negara ke 5 dengan jumlah balita tertinggi mengalami stunting,(37%) setelah Pakistan (Beal, Tumilowicz, Sutrisna, Izwardy, & Neufeld, 2018) (Manggala et al, 2018), Balita merupakan usia emas (golden period) terutama untuk pertumbuhan janin sehingga bila terjadi gangguan pada masa ini tidak dapat dicukupi pada masa berikutnya dan akan berpengaruh negatif pada kualitas generasi penerus(Kementerian Desa Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi, 2017). Periode 1000 hari pertama kehidupan dimulai dari janin hingga anak berusia dua tahun(Ditjen Kesmas, 2018) serta periode yang berpotensi signifikan serta adanya kerentanan; fisik dan psikososial yang dapat berdampak besar terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia dini, pertumbuhan fisik anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh kurangnya akses terhadap kebutuhan dasar serta faktor psikososial seperti depresi ibu, ekonomi dan lainnya (Smith Fawzi et al, 2019).…”