Risk Factors of Stunting in Kedisan, Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a nutritional status based on measurements of the Length-for-Age or Height-for-Age index of the anthropometric standards assessment of nutritional status of children. The report of the Public Health Center (PHC) of Tegallalang I revealed the largest number of stunting cases in Kedisan Village, with 28 toddlers suffering from stunting based on 2017 data. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with stunting at Kedisan Village, Tegallalang Sub-district, Gianyar District. Methods: This is an analytic study employing a case-control approach. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique; that is, by utilizing all cases of children under five who were declared stunted in the village in question (a total of 28 cases). The case:control ratio used was 1:1; thus, the total sample used in the study was 56 samples from May 2017. Bivariate analysis was conducted using a chi-square test. Results: The majority of respondents were employed (i.e., 67.80% in the case group and 53.50% in the control group); in terms of the most recent level of education, 35.70% of respondents in the case group had a junior high school education, while 46.40% in the control group had a senior high school education. The results of the bivariate analysis found that the risk factor that was most significantly related with the incidence of stunting was complementary foods with breast milk (p = 0.03; OR: 4.63), while other risk factors were not related to the occurrence of stunting. Conclusions: The factor that influenced the occurrence of stunting in Kedisan Village was complementary foods with breast milk.

Nutrition Adequacy Level of Pregnant Women and Toddlers Aged 0 to 24 Months in Gianyar Regency

“…This highlights the importance of education regarding the benefits of breastfeeding and proper birth spacing so that children can get adequate nutrition. (9,10) The level of nutrition deficiency is high among pregnant women due to the increased nutritional demands of pregnancy. Pregnant women need to meet the nutritional intake for themselves and the infant inside their womb.…”

Overview of The Achievement Level of Specific and Sensitive Indicators in The First 1000 Days of Life in Tegallalang District

“…There is some evidence of a link between access to sanitation and stunting. (17) One multi-country study showed that sanitation contributed to a reduction in the prevalence of nutritional intake deficits in urban children by 22-53% and in rural areas by 4-37%. Various studies have shown that poor sanitation increases a child's risk of stunting.…”

“…(4) If left untreated, nutritional problems will contribute to the bigger problem, such as a decrease of work productivity and national income. (5) Stunting is a public health problem that can increase the risk of morbidity, death, and obstacles to mental or motor growth. Besides malnutrition in pregnant women and children under five years old, there are several other factors that need to be considered, as stunting is influenced by multi-dimensional factors.…”

Pemberdayaan Kader dalam Deteksi dan Intervensi Dini Tumbang Pada Anak untuk Pencegahan Stunting

“…1000 hari pertama kehidupan merupakan periode yang krusial, karena pada periode ini terjadi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otak yang pesat pada anak. Pada masa inilah stunting dapat terjadi sekaligus dapat dicegah atau masih dapat dikoreksi (Pradnyawati & Juwita, 2022).…”