Risk Factors of Active Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

Taha, Mohammed; Deribew, Amare; Tessema, Fasil; Assegid, Sahilu; Duchateau, Luc; Colebunders, Robert

doi:10.4314/ejhs.v21i2.69053

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…As observed in this analysis and reported in other studies, the use of ART has a significant advantage on the reduction of incidence of TB, evidenced by a marked low incidence of TB among persons on ART compared to those not on ART [ 17 , 22 , 23 ]. The findings are conceivable because the TB infection and reactivation have been associated with the degree of immune suppression, which improves after the start of ART [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence and incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients enrolled in HIV care, treatment, and support program in mainland Tanzania

et al. 2020

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Background Despite improvements in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is still high and primarily attributed to tuberculosis (TB) infection. In Sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 80% of HIV-related mortality cases are associated with TB. Relatively little is known about the incidence of TB among PLHIV in Tanzania and the determinant factors. We report the prevalence and incidence rate of confirmed TB and determine association with selected demographic and program-related factors based on data in the national HIV care and treatment program from 2011 to 2014. Methods We used the Tanzania National AIDS Control Programme database to obtain information on all HIV clients enrolled in the HIV care and treatment program between January 2011 and December 2014. We analyzed retrospective cohort data to assess the prevalence and TB incidence rate per 1000 person-years. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for putatively associated factors. Results Over 4 years, there were 22,071 confirmed cases of pulmonary TB in 1,323,600 person-years. The overall TB incidence was around 16.7 (95% CI 16.4–16.9) cases per 1000 person-years. The annual incidence rate decreased by 12.4 % from 17.0 (95% CI 16.5–17.4) in 2011 to 14.9 (95% CI 14.5–15.4) in 2014. The TB incidence rate was higher in persons not using ART and in males than in females. The incidence of TB was higher in patients with advanced HIV disease and decreased with increasing age. The overall prevalence of TB was 2.2%, with a peak prevalence of 2.5% in 2013 and was higher among children < 15 years (3.2%) in the same year. Conclusion The study found an overall decrease in the incidence of TB in PLHIV. Our results emphasize the need for early initiation of ART and the provision of TB preventive therapy for those PLHIV without active TB after intensified TB case-finding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence and incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients enrolled in HIV care, treatment, and support program in mainland Tanzania

et al. 2020

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“…Of the included 17 articles, 2 (11.8%) research articles were published in years of 2005 [ 27 ] and 2011 [ 28 ] (one in each year’s) while 5 (29.4%) of them were published in the year of 2013 [ 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 ] and 1 (5.9%) of the research articles was published in the year of 2014 [ 11 ]. Nine (52.9%) of the included articles were published between 2015 and 2019 (4 (23.5%) in 2015 [ 20 , 21 , 30 , 34 ], 2 (11.8%) in 2016 [ 22 , 24 ], and 3 (17.6%) in 2019 [ 10 , 17 , 23 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three of the included studies were cross-sectional studies and were conducted in South Africa [ 11 ], Cameroon [ 29 ], and Nigeria [ 24 ]. The other 2 studies were case-control studies conducted in three West Africa countries [ 27 ] and Ethiopia [ 28 ]. The remaining 12 studies were cohort studies of which 8 (66.67%) were conducted in Africa (1 in south Africa [ 20 ], 2 in Tanzania [ 21 , 33 ], 1 Nigeria [ 34 ], 1 Gambia [ 32 ], and 3 in Ethiopia [ 10 , 22 , 30 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gelaw

Getaneh

Melku

2021

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background Tuberculosis is a major public health problem caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, occurring predominantly in population with low socioeconomic status. It is the second most common cause of death from infectious diseases. Tuberculosis becomes a double burden among anemic patients. Anemia increases an individual’s susceptibility to infectious diseases including tuberculosis by reducing the immunity level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether anemia is a risk factor for tuberculosis. Method Relevant published articles were searched in electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library using the following MeSH terms: risk factor, predictors, tuberculosis, TB, Anaemia, Anemia, hemoglobin, Hgb, and Hb. Articles written in the English, observational studies conducted on the incidence/prevalence of tuberculosis among anemic patients, or papers examined anemia as risk factors for tuberculosis were included. From those studies meeting eligibility criteria, the first author’s name, publication year, study area, sample size and age of participants, study design, and effect measure of anemia for tuberculosis were extracted. The data were entered using Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata version 11 for analysis. The random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled OR and HR, and 95% CI. The sources of heterogeneity were tested by Cochrane I-squared statistics. The publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test statistics. Results A total of 17 articles with a 215,294 study participants were included in the analysis. The odd of tuberculosis among anemic patients was 3.56 (95% CI 2.53–5.01) times higher than non-anemic patients. The cohort studies showed that the HR of tuberculosis was 2.01 (95% CI 1.70–2.37) times higher among anemic patients than non-anemic patients. The hazard of tuberculosis also increased with anemia severity (HR 1.37 (95% CI 0.92–2.05), 2.08 (95% CI 1.14–3.79), and 2.66 (95% CI 1.71–4.13) for mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively). Conclusion According to the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we can conclude that anemia was a risk factor for tuberculosis. Therefore, anemia screening, early diagnose, and treatment should be provoked in the community to reduce the burden of tuberculosis.

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“…The research of MuhammedTaha in Ethiopia (2009) substituted that the connection between sex of the men and Tuberculosis was explained through the behavior, socio-economy and genetic factors. One of the caused was act behavior factor and socio-economy which was not healthy, that is smoking and promiscuity that can rise up the infection transmission [11].…”

Section: Medical Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis Coinfection Risk Towards People with HIV/AIDS in Care, Support, and Treatment Polyclinic Santa Maria Hospital Pekanbaru

Wardah¹,

Melinda²

2019

KLS

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Risk Factors of Active Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence and incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients enrolled in HIV care, treatment, and support program in mainland Tanzania

Prevalence and incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients enrolled in HIV care, treatment, and support program in mainland Tanzania

Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tuberculosis Coinfection Risk Towards People with HIV/AIDS in Care, Support, and Treatment Polyclinic Santa Maria Hospital Pekanbaru

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