Risk Factors in Calcium Stone Disease of the Urinary Tract

Robertson, William; Peacock, Munro; Heyburn, P. J.; Marshall, D. H.; Clark, Phil

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1978.tb06189.x

Cited by 356 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…In an experimental model free radical-damaged cells produced a favorable environment for crystal development [26]. Hypercalciuria [7][8][9] and hypocitraturia [27][28][29] are known contributing factors for stone formation. In our hypertensive patients the plasma calcium and phosphorus levels were below the normal range.…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Status and Urinary Stone Risk Parameters in Essential Hypertension.

Latha¹,

Hariprasad²,

Sundari

et al. 1999

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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SummaryThe present study was carried out on normal subjects (n= 20) and hypertensive patients (n=20) to find the possible difference between the urinary parameters and antioxidant status. We found that hypertensives had hypocitraturia (p <0.001), hypercalciuria (p <0.01), increased lipid peroxide (p<0.001) in plasma, a decreased level of reduced glutathione (p <0.001) and decreased superoxide dismutase activity (p<0.001) in their hemolysate when compared with normals. The altered antioxidant status may cause decreased excretion of citrate and increased excretion of calcium in the urine of hypertensive patients. Hypocitraturia and hypercalciuria were regarded as a pathogenic link between hypertension and renal stone formation.

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Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Status and Urinary Stone Risk Parameters in Essential Hypertension.

Latha¹,

Hariprasad²,

Sundari

et al. 1999

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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“…We extended the investigations of tubular function to include the renal handling of calcium and oxalate, the two most important constituents of the common upper urinary tract stone [27]. Two groups of patients were selected in order to provide a wide range of values for both urinary oxalate and calcium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperoxaluria or hypercalciuria in nephrolithiasis: the importance of renal tubular functions

Lindsjö

Fellström

Danielson

et al. 1990

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Abstract. The role of the kidney in states of hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria was investigated in seven patients with hyperoxaluria after jejunoileal bypass (JIB) and six patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC). Eight apparently healthy persons formed a control group.Besides hyperoxaluria, the patients with JIB displayed an elevated plasma concentration of oxalate and the oxalate clearance was increased and higher than creatinine clearance, indicating a net tubular secretion of oxalate. The JIB patients had lower 24-h urinary excretions of calcium, phosphate, magnesium and citrate and higher serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) than controls, indicating increased secretion of PTH to compensate for calcium malabsorption.IHC patients exhibited increased fasting urinary calcium even though their serum values were similar to those in the controls. These results indicate a reduced tubular calcium reabsorption, which was most pronounced in patients with highest PTH values.,We conclude that hyperoxaluria in JIB patients is associated both with intestinal hyperabsorption and with enhanced tubular secretion of oxalate, and that in some patients with IHC hypercalciuria is due to reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium.

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“…PSF analysis included 7 urinary parameters: voided volume, oxalate, calcium, urate, pH, citrate and magnesium. The PSF algorithm is based on a Bayesian mathematical formula which weights each of the contributory risk factors according to a set of "risk curves" derived from frequency distributions in a large number of idiopathic stone-formers and their controls (22,23). The PSF algorithm produces values between 0 and 1 for 5 different patterns of stone (calcium oxalate, urate, calcium phosphate, mixed calcium oxalate and urate and mixed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various mathematical algorithms have been developed to analyse urine biochemistry to determine risk (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) but none has been adopted universally. In this study we applied the PSF (probability of stone formation) algorithm (22,23) to data from a cohort of Brazilian pa- tients before and during treatment to investigate the changes in their PSF scores. The aim was to confirm that PSF changed appropriately following medical therapy and to determine whether PSF might be used to help tailor treatment for recurrent stone formers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the probability of stone formation (PSF) score to assess stone forming risk and treatment response in a cohort of Brazilian stone formers

et al. 2014

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ARTICLE INFO ______________________________________________________________ ______________________Introduction: The aim was to confirm that PSF (probability of stone formation) changed appropriately following medical therapy on recurrent stone formers. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on 26 Brazilian stone-formers. A baseline 24-hour urine collection was performed prior to treatment. Details of the medical treatment initiated for stone-disease were recorded. A PSF calculation was performed on the 24 hour urine sample using the 7 urinary parameters required: voided volume, oxalate, calcium, urate, pH, citrate and magnesium. A repeat 24-hour urine sample was performed for PSF calculation after treatment. Comparison was made between the PSF scores before and during treatment.Results: At baseline, 20 of the 26 patients (77%) had a high PSF score (> 0.5). Of the 26 patients, 17 (65%) showed an overall reduction in their PSF profiles with a medical treatment regimen. Eleven patients (42%) changed from a high risk (PSF > 0.5) to a low risk (PSF < 0.5) and 6 patients reduced their risk score but did not change risk category. Six (23%) patients remained in a high risk category (> 0.5) during both assessments. Conclusions:The PSF score reduced following medical treatment in the majority of patients in this cohort.

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Risk Factors in Calcium Stone Disease of the Urinary Tract

Cited by 356 publications

References 9 publications

Antioxidant Status and Urinary Stone Risk Parameters in Essential Hypertension.

Antioxidant Status and Urinary Stone Risk Parameters in Essential Hypertension.

Hyperoxaluria or hypercalciuria in nephrolithiasis: the importance of renal tubular functions

Use of the probability of stone formation (PSF) score to assess stone forming risk and treatment response in a cohort of Brazilian stone formers

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