Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis among Residents and Migrants in Kafta-Humera, Ethiopia

Argaw, Daniel; Mulugeta, Abate; Herrero, Mercè; Nombela, Nohelly; Teklu, Tsegemariam; Tefera, Teodros; Belew, Zewdu; Alvar, Jorge; Bern, Caryn

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002543

Cited by 80 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…At the same time, using impregnated bed net was one of the most important means of control of the disease according to the report of [19] who indicated that 72% of respondents in his study explained that using bed net was the most important means of control of the disease. In addition, [15] also stated strong protective effects observation in those people using bed net.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distribution of Human Leishmaniasis (VL) and Its Associated Risk Factors, in Metemma, Ethiopia

Terefe

Afera

Bsrat

et al. 2015

Epidemiology Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by obligate intracellular protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Objective. To assess the distribution of human leishmaniasis and assess community knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to assumed risk factors and control options used by the society. Methods. Retrospective study from November 2013 to May 2014 was used. Six-year data from Metemma hospital record was reviewed and 89 people were interviewed. Results. The rates were 29% (n = 374/1270) and 26% (n = 328/1270) in 2005 E.C and 2003 E.C, respectively. 94% (1194/1270) of the affected individuals were in the age exceeding 15 years. At the same time, the rates in males and female were 97% (n = 1226/1270) and 3% (n = 44/1270), respectively. According to 88.8% (n = 79/89) of the respondents, transmission occurs through bite of sandflies, while 98.9% (n = 88/89) of the respondent's indicated that waste disposal in an open space was one of the risk factors for disease occurrence. Regarding the control measures, respondents replied that 73% (n = 65/89) of them use impregnated bed net and others use cleaning and proper waste disposal. Conclusion. The current finding indicated that the disease was common in the study area; as a result, proper use of impregnated bed net, early diagnosis and treatment, and reduction of different risk factors were essential.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…At the same time, [15] indicated that 3.3% children younger than 5 years, 19.2% of children 5-14 years, and 8.6% of adults 40 years or older were affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Distribution of Human Leishmaniasis (VL) and Its Associated Risk Factors, in Metemma, Ethiopia

Terefe

Afera

Bsrat

et al. 2015

Epidemiology Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) prevents VL and other vector-borne diseases. In Ethiopia, using bed nets was found to decrease the risk of VL [38]. The use of ITNs avoids human–vector contact and thereby decreases the chance to be infected and also decreases the likelihood that sandflies will feed on infected individuals.…”

Section: Future Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: An Evolving Disease

Leta¹,

Dao

Mesele³

et al. 2014

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

112

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar) is classified as one of the most neglected tropical diseases. It is becoming a growing health problem in Ethiopia, with endemic areas that are continually spreading. The annual burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Ethiopia is estimated to be between 4,500 and 5,000 cases, and the population at risk is more than 3.2 million. There has been a change in the epidemiology of VL in Ethiopia. Over the last decades, almost all cases and outbreaks of VL were reported from arid and semi-arid parts of the country; however, recent reports indicated the introduction of this disease into the highlands. Migration of labourers to and from endemic areas, climatic and environmental changes, and impaired immunity due to HIV/AIDS and malnutrition resulted in the change of VL epidemiology. HIV spurs the spread of VL by increasing the risk of progression from asymptomatic infection towards full VL. Conversely, VL accelerates the onset of AIDS. In Ethiopia, VL epidemiology remains complex because of the diversity of risk factors involved, and its control is becoming an increasing challenge. This paper reviews the changes in epidemiology of VL in Ethiopia and discusses some of the possible explanations for these changes. The prospects for novel approaches to VL control are discussed, as are the current and future challenges facing Ethiopia's public health development program.

show abstract

“…Only one out of 30e100 infected cases develop typical VL. Factors that predispose the development of typical VL include youth, malnutrition, poverty, immune deficiency, and high leishmanial load [99]. Progression time to VL is usually about 2e8 months from contact with the infectious agent, but longer periods are also reported; significantly shorter cases, up to two weeks after infection, have also been described in the literature [100].…”

Section: Visceral Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis in travelers: A literature review

Mansueto

Seidita

Vitale

et al. 2014

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection whose clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection to fatal visceral leishmaniasis. Over the last decades, an increase in imported leishmaniasis cases in developed, non-endemic countries, have been pointed-out from a review of the international literature. Among the possible causes are increasing international tourism, influx of immigrants from endemic regions and military operations. The main area for the acquisition of cutaneous leishmaniasis, especially for adventure travelers on long-term trips in highly-endemic forested areas, is represented from South America, whereas popular Mediterranean destinations are emerging as the main areas to acquire visceral variant. Leishmaniasis should be considered in the diagnostic assessment of patients presenting with a compatible clinical syndrome and a history of travel to an endemic area, even if this occurred several months or years before. Adventure travelers, researchers, military personnel, and other groups of travelers likely to be exposed to sand flies in endemic areas, should receive counseling regarding leishmaniasis and appropriate protective measures. ª

show abstract

Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis among Residents and Migrants in Kafta-Humera, Ethiopia

Cited by 80 publications

References 22 publications

Distribution of Human Leishmaniasis (VL) and Its Associated Risk Factors, in Metemma, Ethiopia

Distribution of Human Leishmaniasis (VL) and Its Associated Risk Factors, in Metemma, Ethiopia

Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: An Evolving Disease

Leishmaniasis in travelers: A literature review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About