Risk Factors for Twinning in Dairy Cows

Kinsel, M.L.; Marsh, William E.; Ruegg, P.L.; Etherington, W.G.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75659-0

Cited by 96 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Since earlier reports indicated an association between increasing milk yield and the incidence of twinning (Kinsel et al 1998;Silva del Rio et al 2007;Andreu-Vazquez et al 2012) we also looked for such a relationship at the Dairy Cattle Breeding Centre. An upward trend was found for twinning in the analyzed years (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) (Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A high incidence of leukocyte chimerism (60,XX/60,XY) in single born heifers culled due to underdevelopment of internal reproductive tracts

Szczerbal¹,

Kociucka²,

Nowacka‐Woszuk³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Freemartinism, a primary disorder of sex development (DSD) in cattle, is associated with leukocyte chimerism (60,XX/60,XY). The diagnosis of DSD is easy if it is known that a heifer with abnormally developed reproductive tracts originates from a heterosexual twin birth, but it is not so obvious in the case of single born calves. In the present study twelve DSD heifers which were single born (singletons) and culled due to the abnormal development of internal genitalia were studied using cytogenetic and molecular techniques. Among the heifers 7 appeared to be chimeric (60,XX/60,XY and the presence of the genes residing in the Y chromosome: SRY and AMELY) and 5 had a normal female karyotype (60,XX and a lack of the Y-linked genes). In addition, milk productivity was analyzed in relation to the incidence of twinning at a local Dairy Cattle Breeding Centre, from which 8 studied singletons (6 chimeric and 2 with a normal female karyotype) originated. It was found that in the years 2005-2013 an upward trend for average milk yield (from 9700 kg in 2005 to 11 500 kg in 2013) was associated with the increase of twin births (from 1.5% in 2005 to 5.9% in 2013). Our study showed that approximately 60% of single born heifers with abnormally developed internal genitalia were freemartins (a male co-twin died during pregnancy), while DSD etiology of the other cases (60,XX and a lack of the Y-linked genes) remains unknown. It cannot be excluded that some of these heifers represent a testicular/ovotesticular DSD (60,XX and SRY-negative). In conclusion, our study suggests that the occurrence of freemartins and other DSD in single born heifers seems to be an underestimated problem in cattle breeding.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…days from calving to the first insemination -is quite high and thus unfavourable (Zavadilova and Zink 2013). On the other hand, incidence of twin pregnancies, associated with an occurrence of freemartinism, is also correlated with high milk yield (Kinsel et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high incidence of leukocyte chimerism (60,XX/60,XY) in single born heifers culled due to underdevelopment of internal reproductive tracts

Szczerbal¹,

Kociucka²,

Nowacka‐Woszuk³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…It was found [31] that the rate of twinning increased with increases in milk production, incidence of cystic ovarian disease, and the use of common pharmaceuticals, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), prostaglandin (PGF2α), and antibiotics. For farmers and the milk industry, only a functional cow with regular and healthy offspring is profitable.…”

Section: Hormonal Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twin Calving and Its Connection to Other Economically Important Traits in Dairy Cattle

Gáspárdy¹,

Sheridan²,

Ari³

et al. 2018

Ruminants - The Husbandry, Economic and Health Aspects

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The occurrence of twin calving in Holstein Friesian cattle is 3-5%. Reproductive problems found before and after the time of calving lead to serious economic losses. The authors' aim was to form a compilation of data regarding the cause and effects of twin calving on dairy cows by comparing the reproductive performance of cows before and after calving twins vs. single calves and also analyzing the milk production of dairy cows both before and after twin calving. Cows that would have twins became pregnant earlier, probably because of their better health and fertility, with shorter gestations and calving interval. However, after calving, cows that had twins showed poorer reproductive performance. The results show that twin-calving cows had better condition prior to calving, resulting in an earlier successful twin calving. However, the economic losses during parturition, metabolic disorders of the cow, and low vitality of the twin calves, coupled with the decreased fertility and elevated culling rate in cows after twinning, may discourage breeding twins in dairy cattle.

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“…Además, la incidencia de la doble ovulación en las vacas lecheras en lactancia es de aproximadamente el 14% (Fricke et al 1998). Proporcionar dietas de mayor energía a las vacas de alta producción lechera puede incrementar la incidencia de doble ovulación y por lo tanto la tasa de gemelación (Kinsel et al 1998). Teniendo en cuenta que en la actualidad el mejoramiento genético animal tiende a una mayor producción láctea sería posible que también aumentaran los casos de partos gemelares y con estos la presentación de freemartinismo.…”

Section: Diagnóstico De Animales Freemartinunclassified

Freemartinismo o quimerismo XX/XY en bovinos: Revisión

Camargo

Barón²

2009

rev.investig.agrar.ambient.

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RIAA 0 (1) 2009: 7-12 7 Freemartinismo o quimerismo XX/XY en bovinos: RevisiónResumen.-Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica actualizada sintetizando los resultados y conclusiones de investigaciones originales sobre la fisiopatología y los métodos diagnósticos para la identificación de la anomalía conocida como quimerismo XX/XY o freemartinismo en bovinos. El freemartinismo afecta las hembras nacidas en aproximadamente el 92% de los partos de gemelos macho-hembra, debido a la transferencia de células y hormonas del macho a la hembra causando grados variables de supresión del desarrollo del sistema reproductivo femenino y permitiendo el desarrollo de partes reproductivas masculinas, generando hembras infértiles. El diagnóstico de esta anomalía es de gran importancia en los sistemas productivos de bovinos y por esta razón se han implementado varias técnicas efectivas para detectarla. Palabras clave: anomalía cromosómica, bovinos, diagnóstico, freemartinismoAbstract.-This is a literature review in which we present, in a narrative form, the results and conclusions of original research on the pathophysiology and diagnostic methods for the identification of XX/XY chimerism or freemartin anomaly in cattle. Freemartinism affects up to 92% of the pregnancies involving different sex twins. Exchange and transfer of cells and hormones from the male to the female cause suppression of the female's reproductive system development and lead to the development of a masculine reproductive system that produces infertile females. Since diagnosing this anomaly is important to stockbreeders, efficient detection techniques have been developed.

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Risk Factors for Twinning in Dairy Cows

Cited by 96 publications

References 6 publications

A high incidence of leukocyte chimerism (60,XX/60,XY) in single born heifers culled due to underdevelopment of internal reproductive tracts

A high incidence of leukocyte chimerism (60,XX/60,XY) in single born heifers culled due to underdevelopment of internal reproductive tracts

Twin Calving and Its Connection to Other Economically Important Traits in Dairy Cattle

Freemartinismo o quimerismo XX/XY en bovinos: Revisión

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