“…A review of the literature found SCOs have a significant risk of progression or higher rate of recurrence than other pituitary adenomas, which is associated with greater tumor size at baseline, duration of follow-up, cavernous invasion, and incomplete resection ( 8 ). Patients with subtotal resection were associated with a significantly higher risk for recurrence as compared with the gross total resection ( 15 ).…”
IntroductionSpindle cell oncocytoma (SCO) of the pituitary gland is increasingly established with improvements in histological and immunohistochemical examination. However, the diagnosis was often mistaken based on imaging studies and nonspecific clinical manifestations.PurposeThis case is presented to provide an overview of the characteristics of the rare tumor as well as to demonstrate the difficulties in diagnosis and current treatments.Clinical discussionThe pathogenesis of SCO remains unclear, and a possible origin was described. Further research is needed to optimize pre-operative diagnosis and surgical strategy.ConclusionSCO should be considered when images indicate some features. Gross total resection (GTR) after surgery seems to have better long-term tumor control, and radiotherapy may help decrease tumor progression in patients with non-GTR. Regular follow-up is advised because of the higher recurrence rate.
“…A review of the literature found SCOs have a significant risk of progression or higher rate of recurrence than other pituitary adenomas, which is associated with greater tumor size at baseline, duration of follow-up, cavernous invasion, and incomplete resection ( 8 ). Patients with subtotal resection were associated with a significantly higher risk for recurrence as compared with the gross total resection ( 15 ).…”
IntroductionSpindle cell oncocytoma (SCO) of the pituitary gland is increasingly established with improvements in histological and immunohistochemical examination. However, the diagnosis was often mistaken based on imaging studies and nonspecific clinical manifestations.PurposeThis case is presented to provide an overview of the characteristics of the rare tumor as well as to demonstrate the difficulties in diagnosis and current treatments.Clinical discussionThe pathogenesis of SCO remains unclear, and a possible origin was described. Further research is needed to optimize pre-operative diagnosis and surgical strategy.ConclusionSCO should be considered when images indicate some features. Gross total resection (GTR) after surgery seems to have better long-term tumor control, and radiotherapy may help decrease tumor progression in patients with non-GTR. Regular follow-up is advised because of the higher recurrence rate.
“…With the development of artificial intelligence and data science, many studies have used radiomics methods or machine learning to predict the recurrence of brain tumors (18,21,22). However, models built by those methods lack universality between different study centers due to the heterogeneity of data collection, which is the key to the accuracy of model building.…”
BackgroundCurrently, it is difficult to estimate the possibility of recurrence of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). Markers such as Ki-67 or transcription factors rely on postoperative pathology, while few indices can be used for preoperative prediction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the predictive effectiveness of supra-intrasellar volume and tumor-carotid distance based on measurements derived from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.MethodNinety-eight cases of NFPAs were evaluated, along with their clinical characteristics and MRI features. Four radiologic indices were analyzed, including intrasellar tumor volume, suprasellar tumor volume, maximum horizontal tumor diameter, and intercarotid distance. The ratio of supra-intrasellar volume and ratio of tumor-carotid distance were measured using 3D Slicer software, and the sum of two ratios was defined as the V-D value. The correlation between recurrence and multiple factors was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis, and ROC curves were used to estimate the prognostic performance of radiologic measurements in NFPAs.ResultThe supra-intrasellar volume ratio, tumor-carotid distance ratio and V-D value were significantly correlated with the recurrence of NFPAs. The predictive importance of the V-D value reached 84.5%, with a sensitivity of 83.7% and specificity of 67.3%. The cutoff limit of the V-D value was 1.53, and patients with V-D values higher than 1.53 tended to relapse much earlier.ConclusionThe V-D value has predictive importance for the recurrence of NFPAs preoperatively. Patients with higher V-D values will undergo recurrence earlier and should be given greater consideration in terms of surgery and follow-up time.
“…In a recent review of SCOs, the extent of resection (subtotal than gross total) was found to determine recurrence. However, that study analysed all SCOs, irrespective of TTF-1 positivity, which could account for the variance in findings ( 81 ).…”
Objective: Posterior pituitary tumours (PPTs) are rare neoplasms with the four recognised subtypes unified by thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression, according to the 2017 WHO classification. Though traditionally defined as low grade neoplasms, a substantial proportion of them show recurrence/persistence following surgery.
Methods: We selected patients with PPTs in our cohort of 1760 patients operated for pituitary tumours over the past ten years. The clinical, radiological, hormonal, histopathological profiles and long-term outcomes of the three cases identified (two pituicytomas and one spindle cell oncocytoma, SCO) were analysed. Following a literature review, data of all published cases with documented TTF-1 positive pituicytomas and SCOs were analysed to determine the predictors of recurrence/persistence in these tumours.
Results: Patients presented with compressive features or hypogonadism. Two had sellar-suprasellar masses. One had a purely suprasellar mass with a pre-operative radiological suspicion of pituicytoma. Two were operated by transsphenoidal surgery and one transcranially guided by neuronavigation. Histopathology confirmed spindle cells in a storiform arrangement and low Ki67 index. Immunohistochemistry showed positive TTF-1, S-100 expression and variable positivity for EMA, vimentin and GFAP. Re-evaluation showed recurrence/persistence in two patients. A literature review of recurrent/persistent pituicytoma (n=17) and SCO (n=9) cases revealed clinical clues (headache for pituicytomas, male gender for SCO), baseline tumour size (≥20.5mm with sensitivity exceeding 80%) and longer follow-up duration as determinants of recurrence/persistence.
Conclusion: PPTs are rare sellar masses with quintessential TTF-1 positivity. Recurrent/persistent disease following surgery is determined by greater tumour size at baseline and duration of follow-up. This warrants intensive and long-term surveillance in these patients.
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