Risk factors for tooth loss in adults: A population-based prospective cohort study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for tooth loss in an extended age group of adults over 4 years. The prospective cohort study assessed adults (20–64 years old) in 2011 and 2015, from Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The sample selection was planned based on the adult population in the city. The inclusion criteria were randomly selected residences per census tract unit (one adult per household). The exclusion criteria comprised of a physical or psychological state that prevented the achievement of clinical procedures or understanding of the questionnaire. The home oral examination was performed using the index of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), the Community Periodontal Index according to the World Health Organization, and visible biofilm. Demographic and socio-economic data, information on health habits, and the use of dental services were obtained by questionnaire. The outcome was a presence incidence of tooth loss, assessed by the difference between Missing teeth (M>0) from DMFT in 2011 and that in 2015. The conceptual theoretical model ‘Ethnicity, aging and oral health outcomes’ was adapted for tooth loss and used in a Hierarchical multivariate Poisson Regression analysis (p<0.20). The reference category for the Poisson regression were individuals who had no missing teeth (M) due to caries or periodontal disease (p<0.05). There were a total of 143 (follow-up rate = 57.7%) participants in the four-year study, and there was incidence of tooth loss in 51 (35.7%) adults over this period. The risk factors for tooth loss were reason for seeking dental services by pain (RR = 2.72; 95.0% CI: 1.04–7.37), previous tooth loss (RR = 3.01; 95.0% CI: 1.18–7.73) and decayed teeth (RR = 2.87; 95.0% CI: 1.22–6.73). The risk factors for tooth loss were: reason for seeking dental services by pain, previous tooth loss and dental caries.

Dental Caries Experience and Associated Factors Among Brazilian Homeless Persons: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Better schooling is commonly associated with better hygiene practices and health conditions (de Sousa et al, 2019). However, this association was not observed in our study.…”

“…Biological, environmental, social and behavioral factors are involved in the etiology of this disease, which presents clear, objective and measurable signs and is indicative of dental caries experience in the population (Álvarez et al, 2015). Dental caries is the leading cause of dental pain and, when left untreated, can progress to tooth loss (Silva Junior et al, 2019). In addition, caries negatively impacts people's quality of life and represents a high economic cost for individuals and society, factors that contribute to consider this an important public health problem (Haag et al, 2017).…”

Association between teeth loss and nasogastric tube feeding dependency in older adults from Taiwan: a retrospective cohort study

“…Poor oral health results in teeth loss, which is a complex outcome that reflects of individual’s history of dental diseases and national dental service policies [ 20 ]. Poor oral health can cause systemic inflammation and immune response and thus lead to cardiovascular diseases and stroke [ 21 ]. Poor oral hygiene leads to teeth loss, which contributes to an individual’s decline in functional capacity, cognitive function, quality of life, and mortality [ 22 – 25 ].…”

Factors associated with the need for a complete denture in one arch or both arches among the elderly population

“…Although aging has no direct physiological relationship to tooth loss, the cumulative effect of oral diseases over time leads to edentulism. 14,15 Aging is also associated with lower adherence to use of a prosthesis over time, commonly because of failures in the preparation, adaptation and/or maintenance of the prosthesis. 16,17 Socioeconomic factors were associated with the need for a complete denture in one arch and/or both, since a population with lower household income, less education, and a below average number of household goods, has a higher chance of the need for upper and lower complete dentures.…”