Risk Factors for Peri-Implantitis: Effect of History of Periodontal Disease and Smoking Habits. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

ObjectivesThe purpose of this review was to evaluate whether history of periodontitis and smoking habits could represent a risk factor for peri-implantitis and implant loss.Material and MethodsThis systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered at the PROSPERO database [registration numbers CRD42016034160 (effect of history of periodontitis) and CRD42016033676 (effect of smoking)]. Broad electronic (MEDLINE) and manual searches were conducted among articles published from January 1st 1990 up to December 31st 2015, resulting in 49332 records for history of periodontitis and 3199 for smoking habits. Selection criteria included prospective studies comparing two cohorts of patients, with and without the investigated risk factor, with a minimum follow-up period of three years, and reporting data on peri-implantitis and implant loss occurrence. Considering that only prospective studies were included, dichotomous data were expressed as risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThree studies evaluating history of periodontitis (on which quantitative analysis was performed) and one study on smoking effect were included. Both implant and patient-based meta-analyses revealed a significantly higher risk of developing peri-implantitis in patients with a history of periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy subjects, but not a statistically significant increased risk for implant loss.ConclusionsThe outcomes of this systematic review indicate history of periodontitis as a possible risk factor for peri-implantitis, while insufficient data are present in literature to evaluate the role of smoking. However, available evidence is still weak and immature, and sound epidemiological studies are needed to analyse the specific contribution of these potential risk factors.

Regenerative surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis using either a collagen membrane or concentrated growth factor: A 12‐month randomized clinical trial

“…Although, recent evidence has indicated that history of periodontitis is identified as a predisposing factor for implant loss, 42 peri-implantitis 43 and higher PD and BL around the implants, 44 scarce information is available about its effect on the outcome of RST of peri-implantitis in literature. Although, recent evidence has indicated that history of periodontitis is identified as a predisposing factor for implant loss, 42 peri-implantitis 43 and higher PD and BL around the implants, 44 scarce information is available about its effect on the outcome of RST of peri-implantitis in literature.…”

Bone loss around oral and orthopedic implants: An immunologically based condition

“…Of particular interest is tooth loss caused by an inflammation driven periodontitis that is rarely observed before patient age of 35 to 40 years. 92 Antoun et al 93 showed that the prevalence of early inflammation after implant surgery increased from low levels at the age of the patients below 20 years to higher levels in patients in their 50s, where after the risk of inflammation decreased with further increasing age. Implant treatment to replace missing teeth involves placement of a foreign body into the host tissue that induces a foreign body immune response that contributes to bone encapsulation of the implants, which become osseointegrated.…”

“…Implant treatment to replace missing teeth involves placement of a foreign body into the host tissue that induces a foreign body immune response that contributes to bone encapsulation of the implants, which become osseointegrated. [92][93][94][95][96] Thus, patients that lose all teeth early due to severe and treatment resistant periodontitis may in some but not all patients risk greater problems with inflammation and implant failures than others. 92 Antoun et al 93 showed that the prevalence of early inflammation after implant surgery increased from low levels at the age of the patients below 20 years to higher levels in patients in their 50s, where after the risk of inflammation decreased with further increasing age.…”

The 1st Baltic Osseointegration Academy and Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Consensus Conference 2016. Summary and Consensus Statements: Group I - Peri-Implantitis Aetiology, Risk Factors and Pathogenesis

“…Risk Factors for Peri-Implantitis: Effect of History of Periodontal Disease and Smoking Habits. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Stacchi et al [2]) …”