Risk factors for ovarian cancer: a case-control study

Booth, Margaret; Beral, Valerie; Smith, P. G.

doi:10.1038/bjc.1989.320

Cited by 282 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This is not in agreement with a previous report (24) in which the sample numbers were lower (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) and the assay was based on a different, older antibody, which may be less specific. Care is required and the cycle phase must be taken into account.…”

Section: B Acontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Comparison of ovarian cancer markers in endometriosis favours HE4 over CA125

McKinnon

Mueller

Nirgianakis

et al. 2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Section: B Acontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…This theory suggests a negative impact of each ovulation (13) via the underlying inflammatory response associated with each occurrence (14). Pregnancy and the use of contraceptives suppressing ovulation would therefore reduce the risk of ovarian cancer (15,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ovarian cancer markers in endometriosis favours HE4 over CA125

McKinnon

Mueller

Nirgianakis

et al. 2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…These included age, an indicator of sociocultural level (based on social class [17][18][19] or education 20 -22 ), age at interview, parity, menopausal status, age at menopause and various indicators of OC use. Information on OC use (ever/never) was provided by all studies, whereas information on duration of OC use was provided by all except the first Greek study 18 and age at first OC use was given only in the UK 17 and the 3 Italian studies. 20 -22 Data on family history of breast or ovarian cancer in first-degree relatives were available only in the 3 Italian studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Briefly, the first was a hospital-based investigation conducted in London and Oxford, UK, between 1978 and 1983. 17 Cases were 235 women under 65 years of age with epithelial ovarian cancer; controls were 451 women of comparable age, hospitalized for gastrointestinal diseases (23%), bone or joint diseases including fractures (22%) and a large number of other diagnostic categories, each including Ͻ10% of the total number of controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term effects of oral contraceptives on ovarian cancer risk

Bosetti

Negri

Trichopoulos³

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

107

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Epidemiologic studies conducted since the late 1970s have reported a protective effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) from ovarian cancer and a stronger reduction of risk for longer duration of use. 1-3 An indication of a favorable impact of OC on ovarian carcinogenesis comes also from descriptive epidemiology. In several developed countries, young women have shown substantial decreases in incidence of and mortality from ovarian cancer, and the downward trends are greater in countries where OCs are widely used. 4 -7 However, there remain open issues on the relation between OC use and ovarian cancer, including a better quantification of timerelated factors, notably time since last use, age at first use and time since first use. Some of the studies that have considered time since last OC use have reported that the favorable effect of OCs on ovarian cancer risk persists for at least 15 years after stopping use. 2,8 -11 A few studies, however, have assessed the risk with longer time since last use. 12-16 A cohort analysis of ovarian cancer incidence and mortality rates in U.S. women over the period 1970 -1995 7 indicated that the relative decrease in incidence is greater before age 50. There is, therefore, a suggestion that the protection declines with time since last use, but the data are inconclusive. 2 In addition, few studies have simultaneously addressed all time factors, so the possibility of residual confounding in some of these studies cannot be excluded.To clarify the time relation between OC use and ovarian cancer risk, we conducted a collaborative reanalysis of European casecontrol studies of epithelial ovarian cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODSIn the present analysis, data from 6 case-control studies conducted in the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy were combined, i.e., all studies on OC and ovarian cancer published from Europe. The study design and methods have already been described. 12 Briefly, the first was a hospital-based investigation conducted in London and Oxford, UK, between 1978 and 1983. 17 Cases were 235 women under 65 years of age with epithelial ovarian cancer; controls were 451 women of comparable age, hospitalized for gastrointestinal diseases (23%), bone or joint diseases including fractures (22%) and a large number of other diagnostic categories, each including Ͻ10% of the total number of controls.The second study included 150 patients with malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary, admitted during 1980 and 1981 to 10 large hospitals of the Greater Athens area, Greece, 18 and 250 controls of similar age, hospitalized in the same time period in Athens hospitals for orthopedic conditions (among which 62% were traumas).The third study included 189 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer admitted to 2 major hospitals in Athens between 1989 and 1991. 19 Controls were 200 women, resident in the Greater Athens area, visitors of patients hospitalized in the same ward as cases in the same time period. Both cases and controls were below 75 years of age.The fourth study was a hospital-based investigatio...

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“…studies, however, have involved small numbers of exposed cases (La Vecchia et al, 1982;Cramer et al, 1983;Kaufman et al, 1989), have not distinguished unopposed oestrogen from oestrogen given in combination with progestogen (Booth et al, 1989;Hempling et al, 1997), or have used hospital controls (Hartge et al, 1988;Booth et al, 1989;Kaufman et al, 1989;Hempling et al, 1997) with possible overestimation of general exposure rates (Rodriguez et al, 1995). Hence, the issue is currently unresolved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone replacement therapy and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

et al. 1999

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It has been suggested that oestrogen replacement therapy is associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer of the endometrioid type. Using data from an Australian population-based case–control study, the relation between unopposed oestrogen replacement therapy and epithelial ovarian cancer, both overall and according to histological type, was examined. A total of 793 eligible incident cases of epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed from 1990 to 1993 among women living in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria were identified. These were compared with 855 eligible female controls selected at random from the electoral roll, stratified by age and geographic region. Trained interviewers administered standard questionnaires to obtain detailed reproductive and contraceptive histories, as well as details about hormone replacement therapy and pelvic operations. No clear associations were observed between use of hormone replacement therapy overall and risk of ovarian cancer. Unopposed oestrogen replacement therapy was, however, associated with a significant increase in risk of endometrioid or clear cell epithelial ovarian tumours (odds ratio (OR) 2.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–4.94). In addition, the risk associated with oestrogen replacement therapy was much larger in women with an intact genital tract (OR 3.00; 95% Cl 1.54–5.85) than in those with a history of either hysterectomy or tubal ligation. Post-menopausal oestrogen replacement therapy may, therefore, be a risk factor associated with endometrioid and clear cell tumours in particular. Additionally, the risk may be increased predominantly in women with an intact genital tract. These associations could reflect a possible role of endometriosis in the development of endometrioid or clear cell ovarian tumours. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign

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Risk factors for ovarian cancer: a case-control study

Cited by 282 publications

References 29 publications

Comparison of ovarian cancer markers in endometriosis favours HE4 over CA125

Comparison of ovarian cancer markers in endometriosis favours HE4 over CA125

Long‐term effects of oral contraceptives on ovarian cancer risk

Hormone replacement therapy and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

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