Risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini Infection in Nong Khai Province, Thailand

Chudthaisong, Nittaya; Promthet, Supannee; Bradshaw, P.

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.11.4593

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Participants who consumed koi pla were 29 times more likely to have O. viverrini infection ( Table 3). Not only as reported here in the highly endemic area, koi pla consumption was also previously reported as a high-risk factor for infection at the national level [7,10,11]. Koi pla is an unfermented raw-fish dish that is a popular traditional component of the diet in the northeastern region of Thailand.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Sex, age, and eating raw or fermented fish were significantly associated with O. viverrini in the northeast of Thailand in a large population in which the overall prevalence of opisthorchiasis was 22.7% [7], eating raw fish and age were significant factors in area O. viverrini infection in a rural area of Chacheongsao province where the prevalence was 26.2% [10]. Use of anthelmintic in the past, eating raw fish, and the unsafe disposal of waste food were significant factors in Nong Khai province where the prevalence of O. viverrini infection was 33% [11]. Previous use of praziquantel and lack of knowledge about anthelmintics were significant factors in Yasothon province, Northeast Thailand, where the prevalence of O. viverrini infection was 37.2% [6].…”

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confidence: 98%

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Risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Nakhon Phanom, Thailand, where the infection is highly endemic

2018

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Background Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is a serious health issue in the Mekong basin region, resulting in a high prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma. Nakhon Phanom province had the highest prevalence of O. viverrini infection in Thailand at 60% of the surveyed population in 2009, despite the attempted control of opisthorchiasis for >50 years. Knowing risk factors for O. viverrini infection in Nakhon Phanom may lead to improved control and prevention of opisthorchiasis. Objectives To determine risk factors for O. viverrini infection in Nakhon Phanom. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Nakhon Phanom province from February to March 2014. The community was selected using a stratified random sampling method, and then, participants were selected by systematic random sampling. Individuals ≥15 years old were included. Knowledge of O. viverrini infection, and attitudes and practice to avoid it were assessed using a questionnaire. O. viverrini infection was determined by stool examination with a formalin–ether concentration method. Factors associated with the infection were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 134 participants, 75 (56%) were infected with O. viverrini. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, 3 independent factors were associated with O. viverrini infection: age ≥ 55 years, odds ratio (OR) adjusted 6.36 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–31.66); consumption of chopped raw-fish salad (koi pla), OR adjusted 28.74 (95% CI 3.59–230.24); and perceived susceptibility, OR adjusted 0.15 (95% CI 0.03–0.74). Conclusions Age ≥ 55 years, consuming koi pla, and perceived susceptibility were independently associated with O. viverrini infection in Nakhon Phanom.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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confidence: 98%

Risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Nakhon Phanom, Thailand, where the infection is highly endemic

2018

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“…In our analysis, the only factors that were significantly associated with current O. viverrini infection were frequency of previous PZQ treatment, education, age and distance from a water source. The association between frequent PZQ treatment and re-infection has also been shown in other studies of the liver fluke [18, 20]. This pattern of infection and re-infection after treatment has also been found in Vietnam [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Assessing the magnitude of this association and identifying the most at risk groups for O. viverrini infection is a necessary step in designing policy responses that may help break the cycle of infection, treatment and re-infection. Studies of the association between previous treatment with PZQ and current O. viverrini infection have been carried out with small sample sizes and in specific parts of northeast Thailand [18, 20]. This study investigates this association using data from the largest screening program for O. viverrini and CCA in Thailand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated praziquantel treatment and Opisthorchis viverrini infection: a population-based cross-sectional study in northeast Thailand

et al. 2019

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BackgroundOpisthorchis viverrini infection is highly prevalent in northeast Thailand. This liver fluke is classified as a carcinogen due to its causal links with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development. Although treatment with praziquantel (PZQ) effectively cures O. viverrini infection, the prevalence remains high due to the traditional consumption of raw fish. Therefore, re-infection is common in the endemic community, leading to severe hepato-biliary morbidities including the fatal CCA. In this study, we evaluate the association between the frequency of previous PZQ treatment and current O. viverrini infections among Thai adults living in the endemic area of northeast Thailand.MethodsThis study includes all participants who were screened for O. viverrini infection in the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), northeast Thailand. History of PZQ treatment was recorded using a health questionnaire. O. viverrini infections were diagnosed using urine antigen detection. Associations between PZQ and O. viverrini were determined by adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using multiple logistic regression.ResultsAmong participants, 27.7% had previously been treated once with PZQ, 8.2% twice, 2.8% three times, and 3.5% more than three times. Current O. viverrini prevalence was 17% (n = 524). Compared with participants who never used PZQ, the aOR for infection among those who used the drug once was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.88–1.37), twice was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.85–1.68), three times was 1.28 (95% CI: 0.74–2.21), and more than three times was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.18–2.93; P = 0.007).ConclusionsThe population with a frequent history of PZQ use and still continued raw fish consumption showed high levels of repeated reinfection with O. viverrini. They were infected, treated and re-infected repeatedly. These findings suggest that certain participants continue raw fish consumption even after previous infection. This is a particular problem in highly endemic areas for O. viverrini and increases the risk of CCA.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-019-0529-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Additionally, the association of O. viverrini infection in dogs and villagers was found when the owners fed some pieces or uneaten parts of raw fish to domestic animals [26]. The association of the diet of a family and sharing food with dogs is an embedded cultural practice [27]. The infection in dogs and cats was 1.6% and 1.3%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand

Prakobwong

Suwannatrai

2020

Korean J Parasitol

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To clarify the reinfection profile associated with risk factors of opisthorchiasis, we conducted an epidemiological study on the chemotherapeutic effects on reinfection with O. viverrini in the endemic areas of Northeastern Thailand for 3 years. A total of 3,674 fecal samples were collected from participants in villages of 5 provinces. They were examined microscopically using a modified technique of formalin ethyl-acetate concentration. Egg-positive residents were reexamined year (2018) by year (2019) after treatment with a single dose (40 mg/kg) of praziquantel. Health education was provided to the participants yearly. The egg-positive rate of O. viverrini was 14.3%, and was highest (22.2%) in the 20-30 year-old group in 2017. The egg positive rate was 15.3% in dogs and 11.4% cats. Human reinfection rate was 15.5% and 6.3% in next 2 years, and was highest (23.2%) among the fishermen. Relative risk factors of reinfection were significantly higher for males, over 40-year-old age, or working as fishermen or farmers, and eating uncooked fish within the preceding year. A significant difference resulting from a health education program was observed in the third year. Therefore, health education and sustainable surveillance for opisthorchiasis should be maintained to decrease the risk of reinfection.

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Risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini Infection in Nong Khai Province, Thailand

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Nakhon Phanom, Thailand, where the infection is highly endemic

Risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Nakhon Phanom, Thailand, where the infection is highly endemic

Repeated praziquantel treatment and Opisthorchis viverrini infection: a population-based cross-sectional study in northeast Thailand

Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand

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