Risk factors for lung cancer: a case–control study in Hong Kong women

Abstract

To identify etiological connections of lung cancer in Chinese women in Hong Kong, who are among the highest in lung cancer incidence and mortality, we conducted a case-control study, in which 279 female lung cancer cases and 322 controls were selected and frequency matched. A variety of information, including dietary habits, occupational history, smoking, domestic environmental exposures, and family history of cancer was collected, and their associations with lung cancer were analyzed with logistic analysis approach. In addition to positive associations with exposures to cooking emissions and to radon at home, smoking and family cancer history, we observed that increasing consumption of meat was linked to a higher risk, whereas consumptions of vegetables had a strong protective effect against lung cancer. Moderate consumption of coffee appeared to be beneficial against the disease. Those never employed and domestic helpers were at a higher risk. The results indicated that environmental exposures, risky personal behaviors, or lifestyle, as well as family cancer aggregation are among important contributors to the high incidence of lung cancer in Hong Kong females.

Trends in the Incidence of 15 Common Cancers in Hong Kong, 1983-2008

“…The rates decrease progressively throughout the study period, attributable to the decrease in squamous cell, small cell and large cell carcinoma (Au et al, 2004). Environmental, occupational and socioeconomic factors may be more apparent as etiological factors for lung cancer, and smoking has been consistently established as the main one (Chan-Yeung et al, 2003;Chiu et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2009;Chiu et al, 2010). The trend in morbidity rates has attributed to the effects of the policy of prohibiting smoking by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) since 1983.…”

A review of diseases associated with household air pollution due to the use of biomass fuels

“…In another study in Europe (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, and United Kingdom), lung cancer risk from solid-fuel based cooking was seen to be moderately high relative to nonsolid counter part [20]. In another study conducted in Hong Kong, about 27% of lung cancer was attributed to exposure to cooking emissions [57]. This type of results, in turn, corroborated the significance of cooking fumes as a risk factor for lung cancer.…”

Coffee consumption and the risk of lung cancer: an updated meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

“…In the end, 17 studies relevant to the role of coffee intake in the risk of lung cancer were included in the present meta-analysis. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The characteristics of these studies are presented in Table 1. The studies included in the final analysis included 12 276 cases and 1 02 516 controls.…”