Risk Factors for Lead Poisoning among Cuban Refugee Children

Trepka, Mary Jo; Pekovic, Vukosava; Santana, Juan Carlos; Zhang, Guoyan

doi:10.1177/003335490512000212

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…These were risks from electrical appliances, child safety, knowledge and use of emergency procedures, fire safety, risks from poisoning, hygiene and food safety and the importance of being and feeling safe at home. Studies in America have identified similar issues when working with refugees (Dempsey & Orr, 2006; Trepka et al. , 2005; Upvall & Bost, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Refugee settlement workers’ perspectives on home safety issues for people from refugee backgrounds

Campbell

Turpin

2010

Aus Occup Therapy J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Refugee settlement workers’ perspectives on home safety issues for people from refugee backgrounds

Campbell

Turpin

2010

Aus Occup Therapy J

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“…Household hobbies involving lead have been associated with childhood lead poisoning in other Caribbean countries, 27,28 although sources of lead exposure can differ by island and country. 29 Bernard and McGeehin (2003) reported education (High School graduate or not) of the reference adult was associated with being in the 5-10 μg/dL BLL group (OR: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.0, 2.2]) and the 10-20 μg/dL BLL group (OR: 2.2 [95% CI: 1.3, 3.8]) among children sampled in the Third NHANES, 1988–1994. 23 Another study reported on the inverse relationship between child BLL and parental education attainment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Risk Factors Among Residents Younger Than 6 Years, Puerto Rico—2010

Dignam¹,

García

León

et al. 2016

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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Context Limited data exist about blood lead levels and potential exposures among children living in Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rico Department of Health has no formal blood lead surveillance program. Objectives We assessed the prevalence of elevated BLLs [≥ 5 micrograms (μg) of lead per deciliter (dL) of blood], household environmental lead levels, and risk factors for BLL among children less than 6 years old living in Puerto Rico in 2010. Methods We used a population-based cross-sectional sampling strategy to enroll an island-representative sample of Puerto Rican children less than 6 years old. We estimate the island-wide weighted prevalence of elevated BLL, and conducted bivariable and multivariable linear regression analyses to ascertain risk factors for elevated BLLs. Results The analytic dataset included 363 households and 439 children less than 6 years old throughout Puerto Rico. The weighted geometric mean BLL of children less than 6 years old was 1.57 μg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27, 1.88). The weighted prevalence of children less than 6 years old with BLLs ≥ 5 μg/dL was 3.18% (95% CI = 0.93, 5.43) and for BLLs ≥ 10 μg/dL was 0.50% (95% CI = 0, 1.31). Higher mean BLLs were significantly associated with data collection during the summer months, a lead-related activity or hobby of anyone in the residence and maternal education less than 12 years. Few environmental lead hazards were identified. Conclusions The prevalence of elevated BLLs among Puerto Rican children less than 6 years old is comparable to the most recent (2007 – 2010) U.S. national estimate [BLLs ≥ 5 μg/dL = 2.6% (95% CI = 1.6, 4.0)]. Our findings suggest targeted screening of specific higher-risk groups of children less than 6 years old can replace island-wide or insurance specific policies of mandatory blood lead testing in Puerto Rico.

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“…Lead-acid car batteries were used in camp households to generate power for electronic items, and have been associated with lead poisoning in the developing world 21 and even among certain immigrant children inside the United States. 22 Such batteries were easily accessible to toddlers engaging in exploratory and mouthing behaviors in the camps. Car battery exposure is unlikely to continue after resettlement, but the identified traditional remedies, cosmetics, and spices could be easily brought overseas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Poisoning in United States-Bound Refugee Children: Thailand-Burma Border, 2009

et al. 2012

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The prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among tested US-bound Burmese refugee children was higher than the current US prevalence, and was especially high among children <2 years old. Refugee children may arrive in the United States with elevated blood lead levels. A population-specific understanding of preexisting lead exposures can enhance postarrival lead-poisoning prevention efforts, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for resettled refugee children, and can lead to remediation efforts overseas.

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Risk Factors for Lead Poisoning among Cuban Refugee Children

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Refugee settlement workers’ perspectives on home safety issues for people from refugee backgrounds

Refugee settlement workers’ perspectives on home safety issues for people from refugee backgrounds

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Risk Factors Among Residents Younger Than 6 Years, Puerto Rico—2010

Lead Poisoning in United States-Bound Refugee Children: Thailand-Burma Border, 2009

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