Risk Factors for Injury in High School Football Players

Turbeville, Sean; Cowan, Linda D.; Owen, William J.; Asal, Nabih R.; Anderson, Michael

doi:10.1177/03635465030310063801

Cited by 85 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with the findings of previous investigations, 51,52 game exposure was the strongest predictor of injury risk. In addition to exposure to high-intensity game collisions, players who are relied upon for team success in competitive events are involved in practice drills and scrimmage sessions to a greater extent than players who have a low level of game exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The finding that an ODI score as low as 6 on a 0-to-100 scale was associated with increased risk for core or lower extremity injury occurrence suggests that a relatively low level of self-reported low back dysfunction may be clinically important in collegiate football players. Large body mass has been associated with elevated injury risk in high school football players, [53][54][55] but at least 1 group 52 did not confirm such a relationship. Previous injury has also been identified as an important predictor of football injury risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Previous injury has also been identified as an important predictor of football injury risk. 51,52,54,55 Univariate analyses demonstrated that high BMI, history of both knee and ankle sprains, and low IKDC score had predictive value, but these variables did not contribute a substantial amount of unique information when combined with the other 4 variables that were entered into the multivariate logistic regression analysis for predicting core or lower extremity injury. Including any muscle strain or joint sprain between the low back and foot in the operational definition of injury is an important consideration for interpreting the results of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Core and Lower Extremity Strains and Sprains in Collegiate Football Players: A Preliminary Study

Wilkerson

Giles

Seibel³

2012

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Poor core stability is believed to increase vulnerability to uncontrolled joint displacements throughout the kinetic chain between the foot and the lumbar spine.Objective: To assess the value of preparticipation measurements as predictors of core or lower extremity strains or sprains in collegiate football players.Design: Cohort study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Championship Subdivision football program.Patients or Other Participants: All team members who were present for a mandatory physical examination on the day before preseason practice sessions began (n 5 83).Main Outcome Measure(s): Preparticipation administration of surveys to assess low back, knee, and ankle function; documentation of knee and ankle injury history; determination of body mass index; 4 different assessments of core muscle endurance; and measurement of step-test recovery heart rate. All injuries were documented throughout the preseason practice period and 11-game season. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify dichotomized predictive factors that best discriminated injured from uninjured status. The 75th and 50th percentiles were evaluated as alternative cutpoints for dichotomization of injury predictors.Results: Players with $2 of 3 potentially modifiable risk factors related to core function had 2 times greater risk for injury than those with ,2 factors (95% confidence interval 5 1.27, 4.22), and adding a high level of exposure to game conditions increased the injury risk to 3 times greater (95% confidence interval 5 1.95, 4.98). Prediction models that used the 75th and 50th percentile cutpoints yielded results that were very similar to those for the model that used receiver operating characteristic-derived cutpoints.Conclusions: Low back dysfunction and suboptimal endurance of the core musculature appear to be important modifiable football injury risk factors that can be identified on preparticipation screening. These predictors need to be assessed in a prospective manner with a larger sample of collegiate football players.Key Words: clinical prediction rule, injury prevention, injury risk, core stability Key Points N Low back dysfunction and poor endurance of the core musculature appear to be modifiable injury risk factors for preventing core and lower extremity injuries in collegiate football players.N These factors can be identified by preparticipation screening and individualized core stability training regimens implemented to potentially reduce the risk of core and lower extremity injuries in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Core and Lower Extremity Strains and Sprains in Collegiate Football Players: A Preliminary Study

Wilkerson

Giles

Seibel³

2012

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…1 Injuries to the lower extremity are the most prevalent in American football, with injuries to the ankle and knee joint being the most common. 4,5 It has been recognized that one of the key mechanisms by which non-contact American football injuries occur, is the interaction between the shoe and surface. 6 In a number of studies, the effects of different American football surface conditions on the biomechanical mechanisms linked to the aetiology of injury have been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Footwear Variations on Three-Dimensional Kinematics and Tibial Accelerations of Specific Movements in American Football

Sinclair

Rooney

Naemi

et al. 2017

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

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American football is associated with a high rate of non-contact chronic injuries. Players are able to select from both high and low cut footwear. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of high and low cut American football specific footwear on tibial accelerations and three-dimensional (3D) kinematics during three sport specific movements. Twelve male American football players performed three movements, run, cut and vertical jump whilst wearing both low and high cut footwear. 3D kinematics of the lower extremities were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system alongside tibial acceleration parameters which were obtained using a shank mounted accelerometer. Tibial acceleration and 3D kinematic differences between the different footwear were examined using either repeated measures or Friedman's ANOVA. Tibial accelerations were significantly greater in the low cut footwear in comparison to the high cut footwear for the run and cut movements. In addition, peak ankle eversion and tibial internal rotation parameters were shown to be significantly greater in the low cut footwear in the running and cutting movement conditions. The current study indicates that the utilization of low cut American football footwear for training/performance may place American footballers at increased risk from chronic injuries.

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“…6 Short-term effects of shoulder injuries include pain and reduction in athletic participation, whereas long-term effects can result in lifelong shoulder pain, instability, and osteoarthritis. 7 Previous epidemiologic surveys of shoulder injuries in athletes have focused on their occurrence in specific sports, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the mechanics of shoulder injuries in repetitive throwing sports, [18][19][20][21] risk factors of specific body part injuries (including shoulder) in specific sports, 5,[22][23][24][25] and diagnosis of particular types of shoulder injuries. 6,[26][27][28] One previous study investigated all shoulder injuries among high school athletes during 2 academic years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005/2006–2011/2012

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Shoulder injuries are common among high school athletes. These injuries, both traumatic and overuse, contribute to significant time loss from athletic activity. Understanding sport-specific injury patterns is critical for development of targeted injury prevention programs. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study is the most comprehensive analysis of high school shoulder injuries to date, providing national injury estimates while examining injury rates, diagnoses, severity, and mechanisms of injury in 9 interscholastic sports. abstract OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe shoulder injuries in a nationally representative sample of high school athletes playing 9 sports. A national estimate of shoulder injuries among high school athletes was subsequently calculated.METHODS: Injury data were collected in 9 sports (boys' football, soccer, basketball, wrestling, and baseball; girls ' soccer, volleyball, basketball, and softball) high school athletes in this study sustained 2798 shoulder injuries during 13 002 321 athlete exposures, for an injury rate of 2.15 per 10 000 athlete exposures. This corresponds to a nationally estimated 820 691 injuries during this time period. Rates of injury were higher in competition as compared with practice (rate ratio = 3.17 [95% confidence interval: 2.94-3.41]). The highest rate of injury was in football (4.86) and the lowest in girls' soccer (0.42). The most common types of injury were strain/sprain (37.9%) and dislocation/separation (29.2%). Boys were more likely than girls to sustain their injuries after contact with another person or with the playing surface. Surgical repair was required for 7.9% of the injuries. Time loss from athletic participation varied among sports, with 40.7% of athletes returning within 1 week, whereas 8.2% were medically disqualified for their season/career. CONCLUSIONS:High school shoulder injury rates and patterns varied by sport and gender. Prospective epidemiologic surveillance is warranted to discern trends and patterns to develop evidence-based interventions to prevent shoulder injuries. Pediatrics 2014;133:272-279

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Risk Factors for Injury in High School Football Players

Abstract: Future research should focus on decreasing the risk of injury to linemen.

Cited by 85 publications

References 14 publications

Prediction of Core and Lower Extremity Strains and Sprains in Collegiate Football Players: A Preliminary Study

Prediction of Core and Lower Extremity Strains and Sprains in Collegiate Football Players: A Preliminary Study

Effects of Footwear Variations on Three-Dimensional Kinematics and Tibial Accelerations of Specific Movements in American Football

Shoulder Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005/2006–2011/2012

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