Risk Factors for Infant Botulism in the United States

Spika, John S.; Shaffer, Nathan; Hargrett-Bean, Nancy; Collin, Sheila; MacDonald, Kristine L.; Blake, Paul A.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150190078026

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…When introduced into a child's body, C. botulinum multiplies in the intestines and releases neurotoxins which can cause serious health problems or even death (14,21,29). Twenty-six countries representing five continents have reported the occurrence of infant botulism among their inhabitants (12) -the Arabian Gulf States (30), the Netherlands (26), Denmark (11), Norway (27), Italy (9), Japan (29), the United States (23), and Spain (28). The largest numbers of cases have been reported from the United States, Argentina, Australia, Canada, Italy, and Japan (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of honey produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan with Clostridium botulinum

Mustafina

Maikanov

Wisniewski

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper presents the first results of a study on the contamination of honey produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan with C. botulinum spores known to pose a potential infection threat to infants. During microbiological analysis, culturing methods with TPGY, Willis-Hobbs agar, FAA agar connected with PCR, sequencing, and a mouse bioassay were used. The C. botulinum contamination rate of honey was relatively low as determined, at 0.91%. Nonetheless, the potential danger of the bacteria to childrens' health should not be neglected.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of honey produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan with Clostridium botulinum

Mustafina

Maikanov

Wisniewski

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8 Breast feeding is a risk factor for IB in all studies. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] These infants may have a slower progression of illness/symptoms so that there may be a delay in hospitalization owing to later identification of illness. However, among hospitalized infants, the formula-fed reported from California 18 had a mean age of onset (7.6±8.4 weeks) that was significantly less than that of their breast-fed counterparts (13.7±8.4 weeks).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 In contrast, formula-fed infants have less acidic feces (pH 5.4-8.0), which also contain Clostridium spp as well as other anaerobes and facultative bacteria. 19 The difference in pH may be important, because multiplication of C. botulinum and toxin production declines with reduced pH.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant botulism

Brook

2007

J Perinatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infant botulism results from the absorption of heat-labile neurotoxin produced in situ by ingested Clostridium botulinum. Honey and environmental exposure are the main sources of acquisition of the organism. Clinical manifestations are owing to progressive neuromuscular blockade, initially of muscles innervated by cranial nerves and later of the trunk, extremities and diaphragm. Presynaptic autonomic nerves are also affected. The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds and is confirmed by recovery of the organism or by detection of toxin in the stool. Management includes meticulous supportive intensive care that may include mechanical ventilation and administration of human botulinum immunoglobulin in severe cases.

show abstract

“…Other FoNAO associated with botulism outside the EU have included include: canned, bottled, vacuum packed and preserved vegetables in the US Horwitz et al, 1975;Roberts et al, 1998;Zanon et al, 2006), vegetable products and juices in the US (CDC, 2006a;Sheth et al, 2008); dried and fermented bean curd in the US and Taiwan (CDC, 2007a;Lai et al, 2011), an alcoholic vegetable drink in the US (Vugia et al, 2009); vegetables in oil in the US and Canada (Lohse et al, 2003;Morse et al, 1990;St Louis et al, 1988); aluminium foil-wrapped baked potatoes in the US (Cawthorne et al, 2005;Pingeon et al, 2011); preserved olives in Finland and Turkey (Jalava et al, 2011;Swaan et al, 2010) and potato salad as well as potato soup in the US (Bhutani et al, 2005;CDC, 2011c;Seals et al, 1981). Consumption of corn syrup has been epidemiologically identified as a risk factor for infant botulism in the US (Olsen and Swerdlow, 2000;Spika et al, 1989).…”

Section: Clostridium Botulinummentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by pathogens in food of non-animal origin. Part 1 (outbreak data analysis and risk ranking of food/pathogen combinations)

Publication¹

2013

EFSA Journal

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy ABSTRACTFood of non-animal origin (FoNAO) is consumed in a variety of forms, and a major component of almost all meals. These food types have the potential to be associated with large outbreaks as seen in 2011 associated with VTEC O104. A comparison of the incidence of human cases linked to consumption of FoNAO and of food of animal origin (FoAO) was carried out to provide an indication of the proportionality between these two groups of foods. It was concluded that outbreak data reported as part of EU Zoonoses Monitoring is currently the only option for EU-wide comparative estimates. Using this data from 2007 to 2011, FoNAO were associated with 10% of the outbreaks, 26% of the cases, 35% of the hospitalisations and 46% of the deaths. If the data from the 2011VTEC O104 outbreak is excluded, FoNAO was associated with 10% of the outbreaks, 18% of cases, but only 8% of the hospitalisations and 5% of the deaths. From 2008 to 2011 there was an increase in the numbers of reported outbreaks, cases, hospitalisations and deaths associated with food of non-animal origin. In order to identify and rank specific food/pathogen combinations most often linked to human cases originating from FoNAO in the EU, a model was developed using seven criteria: strength of associations between food and pathogen based on the foodborne outbreak data from EU Zoonoses Monitoring (2007-11), incidence of illness, burden of disease, dose-response relationship, consumption, prevalence of contamination and pathogen growth potential during shelf life. Shortcomings in the approach using outbreak data were discussed. The top ranking food/pathogen combination was Salmonella spp. and leafy greens eaten raw followed by (in equal rank) Salmonella spp. and bulb and stem vegetables, Salmonella spp. and tomatoes, Salmonella spp. and melons, and pathogenic Escherichia coli and fresh pods, legumes or grain.© European Food Safety Authority, 2013 KEY WORDSFood of non-animal origin, foodborne pathogens, foodborne outbreaks, food/pathogen combination, risk ranking SUMMARYThe European Commission asked EFSA"s BIOHAZ Panel to prepare a scientific Opinion on the public health risk posed by pathogens that may contaminate food of non-animal origin (FoNAO). In particular, this opinion addresses the first two terms of reference for the mandate, namely: (i) to compare the incidence of foodborne human cases linked to FoNAO and foodborne cases linked to food of animal origin (FoAO), and (ii) to identify and rank specific food/pathogen combinations most often linked to foodborne human cases originating from FoNAO in the EU.For the comparison of the incidence of foodborne human cases linked to FoNAO and foodborne cases linked to FoAO, the BIOHAZ Panel concluded that: the analysis of the outbreak data reported as part of EU Zoonoses Monitoring allows attribution of human cases to food of non-animal origin or food of animal origin, and is currently the only option for obtaining a EU-wide comparative estimate of the proportion ...

show abstract

Risk Factors for Infant Botulism in the United States

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Contamination of honey produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan with Clostridium botulinum

Contamination of honey produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan with Clostridium botulinum

Infant botulism

Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by pathogens in food of non-animal origin. Part 1 (outbreak data analysis and risk ranking of food/pathogen combinations)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About