Risk factors for increased BTEX exposure in four Australian cities

Hinwood, Andrea; Rodríguez, Clemencia; Runnion, T.; Farrar, D.; Murray, Frank; Horton, A.; Glass, Deborah Catherine; Sheppeard, Vicky; Edwards, John W.; Denison, Lynette; Whitworth, Tom; Eiser, C.; Bulsara, Max; Gillett, Rob; Powell, Jenny; Lawson, Sarah; Weeks, Ian; Galbally, Ian E.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.040

Cited by 78 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In Australia, there have been a number of studies aimed at improving our understanding of ozone chemistry in the cleaner Southern Hemisphere atmosphere (Galbally et al, 2000;Monks et al, 1998), secondary aerosol formation (Cainey et al, 2007) and other air quality issues, such as air toxins and smoke (Hinwood et al, 2007;Keywood et al, 2015). There have also been some air quality studies specifically aimed at testing the Australian Air Quality Forecasting System in Sydney and Melbourne .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MUMBA campaign: measurements of urban, marine and biogenic air

Paton-Walsh

Guérette

Kubistin

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. The Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA) campaign took place in Wollongong, New South Wales (a small coastal city approximately 80 km south of Sydney, Australia) from 21 December 2012 to 15 February 2013. Like many Australian cities, Wollongong is surrounded by dense eucalyptus forest, so the urban airshed is heavily influenced by biogenic emissions. Instruments were deployed during MUMBA to measure the gaseous and aerosol composition of the atmosphere with the aim of providing a detailed characterisation of the complex environment of the ocean–forest–urban interface that could be used to test the skill of atmospheric models. The gases measured included ozone, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and many of the most abundant volatile organic compounds. The aerosol characterisation included total particle counts above 3 nm, total cloud condensation nuclei counts, mass concentration, number concentration size distribution, aerosol chemical analyses and elemental analysis.The campaign captured varied meteorological conditions, including two extreme heat events, providing a potentially valuable test for models of future air quality in a warmer climate. There was also an episode when the site sampled clean marine air for many hours, providing a useful additional measure of the background concentrations of these trace gases within this poorly sampled region of the globe. In this paper we describe the campaign, the meteorology and the resulting observations of atmospheric composition in general terms in order to equip the reader with a sufficient understanding of the Wollongong regional influences to use the MUMBA datasets as a case study for testing a chemical transport model. The data are available from PANGAEA (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.871982).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MUMBA campaign: measurements of urban, marine and biogenic air

Paton-Walsh

Guérette

Kubistin

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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“…It is also present in cigarette smoke. Therefore, this compound, found in cigarette smoke and other products, may cause concerns for public health (7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematologic Evaluation of Painting Hall Workers in an Automobile Manufacturing Company

et al. 2017

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Background: Exposure to benzene causes several adverse effects, including decreased number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, and red blood cells, and results in aplastic anemia. The aim of this study was to investigate hematological changes due to benzene exposure in painting workers. Methods: This study was conducted on benzene-exposed and nonexposed workers in Tehran, Iran. The study sample included 40 painters exposed to different levels of benzene and 40 unexposed controls in an automobile manufacturing company. Sampling was carried out with an active pump sampler, using the NIOSH method 1501. Varian C-3800 gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used for the analysis of 40 benzene samples. Blood samples from 80 workers were collected from both the case and control groups. Hematological indices were analyzed for red blood cell, white blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet, and white cell differential count.

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“…In the world, several works have established that environmental pollution is increasingly critical at urban centers, and industrial activity and vehicle traffic are defined as sources that contribute to this problem [1][2][3], resulting in impaired standard of living and a risk for the health of exposed populations. Based on the description above, compounds defined as BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) are a group of chemical species that are part of the well-known Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) frequently present in conurbated environments and included in the list of hazardous air pollutants [4]; additionally, benzene and toluene are known to be compounds with carcinogenic effects [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a methodology to determine Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes concentration present in the air and adsorbed in activated charcoal passive samplers by GC/FID chromatography

Gallego-Díez¹,

Correa²,

Saldarriaga-Molina³

2016

Rev. Fac. Ing. Antioquia

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ABSTRACT:This article shows the validation of the analytical procedure which allows determining concentrations of Benzene (B), Toluene (T), Ethylbenzene (E), and Xylenes (X) -compounds known as BTEX-present in the air and adsorbed by over activated charcoal by GC-FID using the (Fluorobenzene) internal standard addition as quantification method. In the process, reference activated charcoal was employed for validation and coconut -base granular charcoal (CGC) for the construction of passive captors used in sample taken in external places or in environmental air. CGC material was selected from its recovering capacity of BTEX, with an average of 89.1% for all analytes. In this research, BTEX presence in air samples, taken in a road of six lines and characterized for having heavy traffic, in Medellín city (Antioquia, Colombia), was analyzed. Samplers employed were located in pairs per point (in 7 transversal strips of the east, central, and west sidewalk), at heights ranging from 2.50 and 3.00 meters, at the floor level, inside a special housing for their protection. The number of total stations was twenty-one (21) in 3 kilometers, with exposition times of 28 days. Analytes desorption procedure was carried out with carbon disulfide as an extraction solvent, and in the chromatograhic analysis of gases this was performed (by triplicate) using a flame ionization detector (FID). An HP-INNOWAX chromatographic column was also used. Ultra-pure Helium, 99.99% purity, was used as carrier gas and quantification was performed (by triplicate) in the liquid extract in terms of concentration (µg/mL). The research allowed validating the methodology, obtaining recovery percentages ranging between 75.0 % and 98.2 % for all analytes, and quantification limits in µg/mL were 0.279; 0.337; 0.349; 0.391; 0.355; and 0.356 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively, and it was proven that the validated method was a selective, specific, linear, accurate, and exact method.

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Risk factors for increased BTEX exposure in four Australian cities

Cited by 78 publications

References 28 publications

The MUMBA campaign: measurements of urban, marine and biogenic air

The MUMBA campaign: measurements of urban, marine and biogenic air

Hematologic Evaluation of Painting Hall Workers in an Automobile Manufacturing Company

Validation of a methodology to determine Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes concentration present in the air and adsorbed in activated charcoal passive samplers by GC/FID chromatography

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