Risk factors for hospitalisation due to respiratory syncytial virus infection in children receiving prophylactic palivizumab

Chida‐Nagai, Ayako; Sato, Hiroki; Sato, Itsumi; Shiraishi, Masaya; Sasaki, Daisuke; Izumi, Gaku; Yamazawa, Hirokuni; Cho, Kazutoshi; Manabe, Atsushi; Takeda, Atsuhito

doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04216-7

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The questionnaire was formulated in Italian through an extensive review of the available literature on RSV [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 19 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Reliability of the questionnaire was preventively assessed through a test–retest approach, with 10 GPs completing the questionnaire at two different points in time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, RSV vaccines are commercially unavailable [ 1 , 3 , 9 , 12 , 13 ], and preventive interventions are limited to monoclonal antibodies (mAb) [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Despite their efficacy in avoiding hospitalizations and long-term sequelae, their use is forcibly limited to some high-risk groups (i.e., prematurely-born infants under 6 months of age, and children with certain comorbidities under 2 years of age during the RSV season) [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of General Practitioners from North-Eastern Italy (2021)

Riccò

Ferraro²,

Peruzzi

et al. 2022

Pediatric Reports

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a lead cause of morbidity and hospitalizations in infants. RSV vaccines are currently under development, and preventive options are limited to monoclonal antibodies (mAb). We assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices for RSV in a sample of general practitioners (GPs) from north-eastern Italy (2021), focusing on the risk perception for infants (age < 8 years) and its potential effectors. We administered an internet survey to 543 GPs, with a response rate of 28.9%. Knowledge status was unsatisfactory, with substantial knowledge gaps found on the epidemiology of RSV and its prevention through mAb. The main effectors of risk perception were identified as having a background in pediatrics (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 55.398 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 6.796–451.604), being favorable towards RSV vaccines when available (aOR: 4.728, 95% CI: 1.999–11.187), while having previously managed an RSV case (aOR: 0.114, 95% CI: 0.024–0.552) and previously recommended hospitalization for cases (aOR: 0.240, 95% CI: 0.066–0.869) were identified as negative effectors. In summary, the significant extent of knowledge gaps and the erratic risk perception, associated with the increasing occurrence in RSV infections, collectively stress the importance of appropriate information campaigns among primary care providers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of General Practitioners from North-Eastern Italy (2021)

Riccò

Ferraro²,

Peruzzi

et al. 2022

Pediatric Reports

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show abstract

“…Compliance with the prophylaxis regimen is essential for effectiveness, 49,50 including appropriate timing of administration with respect to the RSV season, 51 and the need to consider extended coverage in some very high-risk individuals. 52 In a descriptive single-centered study over five RSV seasons from 2012 to 2017, Elhalik et al 53 enrolled 925 infants eligible for palivizumab immunoprophylaxis under AAP 2009 criteria. 54 Of these, 515 infants were born at 32 to 35 wGA.…”

Section: Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Real-World Studies of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among Moderate/Late Preterm Infants Exposed to Passive Immunoprophylaxis with Palivizumab

et al. 2022

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Objective This article aims to assess the real-world effectiveness of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalization (RSVH) rates in otherwise healthy moderate/late preterm infants and discuss the role of palivizumab in preventing acute and long-term outcomes. Study Design We identified studies in the PubMed and Embase databases that reported patient-level data on (1) exposure to palivizumab in preterm infants born between 29 and 35 weeks of gestational age (or subsets within this range) ≤ 2 years of chronological age, and (2) the outcome of RSVH. Results Six studies assessed RSVH in infants this gestational age who had been exposed or not to palivizumab and reported patient-level data. Exposure was associated with a reduction in RSVH rates that was comparable to the reduction seen in controlled clinical trials (weighed mean 4.0-fold reduction). Conclusion RSV immunoprophylaxis in preterm infants within 29 to 35 weeks of gestational age is associated with a considerably lower burden of RSVH. Key Points

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“…Globally, RSV represents a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants aged 2 years or less [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], most of them being otherwise healthy children [ 4 , 5 ], with a well-defined seasonal trend [ 2 , 6 ]. Even though a limited share of the infected infants eventually develop severe features (i.e., bronchiolitis and pneumonia), RSV infections are usually characterized by high hospitalization rates [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Albeit often acknowledged as nothing more than a pediatric pathogen [ 2 , 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], RSV also causes severe clinical features in older individuals, particularly in adults 65 years and older, as well as among adults with chronic heart or lung diseases, and/or a weakened immune system, representing a main cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among institutionalized subjects [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention through Monoclonal Antibodies: A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Italian Pediatricians

et al. 2023

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization in all infants. Many RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are currently under development to protect all infants, but to date preventive options are available only for preterms. In this study, we assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards RSV and the preventive use of mAb in a sample of Italian Pediatricians. An internet survey was administered through an internet discussion group, with a response rate of 4.4% over the potential respondents (No. 389 out of 8842, mean age 40.1 ± 9.1 years). The association of individual factors, knowledge, and risk perception status with the attitude towards mAb was initially inquired by means of a chi squared test, and all variables associated with mAb with p < 0.05 were included in a multivariable model calculating correspondent adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Of the participants, 41.9% had managed RSV cases in the previous 5 years, 34.4% had diagnosed RSV cases, and 32.6% required a subsequent hospitalization. However, only 14.4% had previously required mAb as immunoprophylaxis for RSV. Knowledge status was substantially inappropriate (actual estimate 54.0% ± 14.2, potential range 0–100), while the majority of participants acknowledged RSV as a substantial health threat for all infants (84.8%). In multivariable analysis, all these factors were characterized as positive effectors for having prescribed mAb (aOR 6.560, 95%CI 2.904–14.822 for higher knowledge score; aOR 6.579, 95%CI 2.919–14.827 for having a hospital background, and a OR 13.440, 95%CI 3.989; 45.287 for living in Italian Major Islands). In other words, reporting less knowledge gaps, having worked in settings with a higher risk of interaction with more severe cases, and being from Italian Major Islands, were identified as positive effectors for a higher reliance on mAb. However, the significant extent of knowledge gaps highlights the importance of appropriate medical education on RSV, its potential health consequences, and the investigational preventive interventions.

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Risk factors for hospitalisation due to respiratory syncytial virus infection in children receiving prophylactic palivizumab

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of General Practitioners from North-Eastern Italy (2021)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of General Practitioners from North-Eastern Italy (2021)

Real-World Studies of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among Moderate/Late Preterm Infants Exposed to Passive Immunoprophylaxis with Palivizumab

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention through Monoclonal Antibodies: A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Italian Pediatricians

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