Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of General Practitioners from North-Eastern Italy (2021)

Riccò, Matteo; Ferraro, Pietro; Peruzzi, Simona; Zaniboni, Alessandro; Ranzieri, Silvia

doi:10.3390/pediatric14020021

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…We did not, however, assess whether barriers to access, ecologic factors, race, or parent and/or provider characteristics were associated with suboptimal coverage of this high-risk population of very preterm infants, and future research on the barriers to palivizumab administration is needed. 31 , 32 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSV-related hospitalization and outpatient palivizumab use in very preterm (born at <29 wGA) infants: 2003-2020

Packnett

Winer

Larkin

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under one year and a leading cause of infant hospitalization. Palivizumab was approved by the FDA in 1998 as RSV immunoprophylaxis to prevent severe RSV disease in children with specific health conditions and those born at <35 weeks gestational age (wGA). This study compared RSV-related hospitalization (RSVH) and RSVH characteristics in very preterm (<29 wGA) and term (>37 wGA) infants. Using the MarketScan Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid administrative claims databases, infants born between 7/1/2003 and 6/30/2020 were identified and classified as very preterm or term. Infants with evidence of health conditions, such as congenital heart disease and cystic fibrosis, were excluded. During 2003–2020 RSV seasons (November to March), claims incurred by infants while they were <12 months old were evaluated for outpatient administration of palivizumab and RSVH. The study included 40,123 very preterm infants and 4,421,942 term infants. Rate of RSVH in very preterm infants ranged 1.5–3.8 per 100 infant-seasons in commercially insured infants and 3.5–8.4 in Medicaid insured infants and were inversely related to wGA at birth. Relative risk of RSVH in very preterm was 3–4 times higher, and ICU admissions and mechanical ventilation were more common during RSVH in very preterm infants relative to term infants. However, these outcomes were less common or less severe in very preterm infants who received outpatient palivizumab administration, despite evidence of higher baseline risk of RSVH in these infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSV-related hospitalization and outpatient palivizumab use in very preterm (born at <29 wGA) infants: 2003-2020

Packnett

Winer

Larkin

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…In other words, the unprecedented surge of RSV during 2021–2022 has reclaimed the interest of both medical research and traditional media [ 3 , 19 , 24 , 68 ]. Interestingly, some previous reports from Italian parents have stressed a limited knowledge of this pathogen [ 2 , 69 ]. Therefore, we cannot rule out that these research peaks may be the indirect consequence of the higher interest of the general population towards something otherwise perceived as uncommon and unfamiliar, rather than representing a proxy of the RSV circulation among the targeted population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the aforementioned critical issue represented by the limited representativity of ILI for actual RSV cases, our study is affected by several other limits that should be accurately addressed. First and foremost, although the InfluNet surveillance network has been designed in order to provide estimates that could be acknowledged as representative of the general Italian population [ 19 , 22 , 24 , 51 , 84 ], its original design specifically targeted influenza and influenza-like syndromes, and it can deliberately miss LRTIs because of its clinical features, which are far more representative of RSV than ILI themselves [ 1 , 2 , 20 , 29 , 85 ]. In this regard, it should be stressed that while the European data have identified a certain circulation of RSV at the national level, even after the end of conventional surveillance for ILI, Italy did not extend the surveillance season in 2020–2021 or in 2021–2022, compromising the capability of the InfluNet to properly track down RSV infections [ 58 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common cause of Influenza-Like Illnesses (ILI) and lower-respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), particularly among newborns and infants [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. RSV-associated LRTIs are predominantly characterized as Bronchiolitis or Pneumonia [ 5 ], accounting for around 60% to 80% of infant Bronchiolitis and up to 40% of pediatric pneumonias [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infodemiology of RSV in Italy (2017–2022): An Alternative Option for the Surveillance of Incident Cases in Pediatric Age?

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not online queries for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) retrieved by means of Google Trends™ and the Italian Wikipedia analysis program mirror the occurrence of influenza-like illnesses (ILI), as reported by the Italian Influenza Surveillance network (InfluNet). Estimated rates for ILI in the general population and in the age groups 0–4 years and 5–14 years were obtained for the influenza seasons 2017–2018 to 2020–2021. Similarly, a weekly fraction of online searches was retrieved for a series of terms associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Next, trends for daily visualization of Italian Wikipedia Pages for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Pneumonia, Bronchiolitis, Influenza, and Respiratory Failure were similarly retrieved. The correlation of all search terms with ILI was analyzed by means of Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Among search terms associated with the clinical diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus infections, the occurrence of ILI was highly correlated only with Bronchiolitis in the age group 0–4 years (β 0.210, p = 0.028), while more generic search terms, such as Bronchitis, fever, influenza, and Pneumonia, were identified as effective predictors of ILI, in general and by age groups. In a regression analysis modeled with ILIs as the outcome variable, daily visualizations for the Wikipedia pages on Bronchiolitis were identified as negative predictors for ILI in general (β = −0.152, p = 0.032), ILI in age group 0–4 years (β = −0.264, p = 0.001) and 5–14 years (β = −0.202, p = 0.006), while Influenza was characterized as a positive effector for ILIs in the age group 5–14 years (β = 0.245, p = 0.001). Interestingly, not only were the search terms extensively correlated with one another, but all of them were also characterized by autocorrelation through a Durbin-Watson test (all estimates DW < 2.0) In summary, our study identified a complicated pattern of data visualization as no clear association between rates of ILI in pediatric age group 0–4 and 5 to 14 years was actually found. Finally, our data stress that the infodemiology option may be quite problematic for assessing the time trend of RSV infections in Italy until more appropriate reporting will be made available, by sharing estimates of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, and through a more accurate characterization of younger age groups.

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“…First of all, the retrieved articles were of mixed quality, and quite heterogenous in terms of design and overall size. Even though the estimates were reasonably free from small study effects and publication bias, it should be stressed that RSV has been often and improperly regarded as a somewhat “minor” pathogen, and also medical professionals still fail to understand the severity of RSV infections in infants and adults [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Therefore, the large majority of incident cases simply remains undiagnosed [ 5 , 52 , 53 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Syncytial Virus: An Uncommon Cause of Febrile Seizures—Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen. In infants, it is usually listed among the main causes of medical referrals and hospitalizations, particularly among newborns, and a considerable base of evidence associates RSV infections and bronchiolitis with long-term neurological sequelae. We specifically performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to ascertain whether RSV infections may be associated with an increased risk for febrile seizures (FS) in infected infants. According to the PRISMA statement, Pubmed, Embase, and pre-print archive medRxiv.og were searched for eligible observational studies published up to 1 July 2022. Raw data included the incidence of FS among children admitted for influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or bronchiolitis, with a confirmed diagnosis of RSV or seasonal influenza virus (SIV) infection. Data were then pooled in a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 measure, while reporting bias was assessed by means of funnel plots and regression analysis. A total of 11 studies including 6847 cases of RSV infections were retrieved, with a pooled prevalence of 29.975 cases of FS per 1000 RSV cases (I2 = 88.5%). The prevalence was not substantially greater in studies performed in pediatric intensive care units (53.817 per 1000 RSV cases vs. 23.552, p = 0.12). Higher occurrence of FS was reported from studies performed after 2010 (Risk Ratio [RR] 1.429, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] 1.049–1.948), and in China (RR 2.105, 95%CI 1.356–3.266) and South Africa (RR 1.722, 95%CI 1.060–2.824) than in Europe, while a lower occurrence was reported form the USA (RR 0.414, 95%CI 0.265–0.649). Eventually, FS were less likely reported from RSV cases compared to subjects affected by seasonal influenza (RR 0.402; 95%CI 0.228–0.708). Although RSV is often associated with high risk of neurological complications, substantially less cases of FS are reported than in SIV infections. However, the paucity of available studies recommends a cautious appraisal of aforementioned results.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of General Practitioners from North-Eastern Italy (2021)

Cited by 18 publications

References 81 publications

RSV-related hospitalization and outpatient palivizumab use in very preterm (born at <29 wGA) infants: 2003-2020

RSV-related hospitalization and outpatient palivizumab use in very preterm (born at <29 wGA) infants: 2003-2020

Infodemiology of RSV in Italy (2017–2022): An Alternative Option for the Surveillance of Incident Cases in Pediatric Age?

Respiratory Syncytial Virus: An Uncommon Cause of Febrile Seizures—Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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