Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in catalonia, spain

Mayans, Martí Vall; Calvet, Xavier; Bruix, Jordi; Bruguera, Miquel; Costa, Josep; Estève, Jacques; Bosch, F. Xavier; Brú, Concepció; Rodés, Joan

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910460307

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…No association between cigarette smoking and HCC was evident in the Brescia HCC study, even when restricting the analysis to subjects negative for HBV and HCV infection and alcohol consumption (Gelatti et al, 2005b), although a limit of the study was the small number of HCC subjects negative for all the main risk factors for the disease. No role of tobacco smoking was found also in two small casecontrol studies carried out in Greece and Spain (Vall Mayans et al, 1990;Hadziyannis et al, 1995). Among some large cohort studies performed in East Asia, a few showed an increased risk of death from liver cancer among smokers compared to non-smokers (Goodman et al, 1995;Liaw and Chen, 1998;Liu et al, 1998;Mizoue et al, 2000), but those that took account of HBV and HCV infection and alcohol intake did not find the association (Mori et al, 2000;Evans et al, 2002;Sun et al, 2003).…”

Section: Tobacco Smokingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Southern Europe as an example of interaction between various environmental factors: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

et al. 2006

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol consumption are major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. We performed a systematic review of epidemiologic studies carried out on HCC aetiology in Southern Europe, an area with an intermediatehigh prevalence of these agents as well as of putative risk factors such as tobacco smoking, diabetes and obesity. To retrieve the articles, we performed a Medline search for titles and abstracts of articles. After the Medline search, we reviewed the papers and reference lists to identify additional articles. A synergism between HCV infection and HBV infection, overt (hepatitis B virus antigen (HbsAg) positivity) or occult (HBsAg negativity with presence of HBV DNA in liver or serum), is suggested by the results of some studies. The pattern of the risk for HCC due to alcohol intake shows a continuous dose-effect curve without a definite threshold, although most studies found that HCC risk increased only for alcohol consumption above 40-60 g of ethanol per day. Some evidence supports a positive interaction of alcohol intake probably with HCV infection and possibly with HBV infection. A few studies found that coffee has a protective effect on HCC risk due to various risk factors. Some data also support a role of tobacco smoking, diabetes and obesity as single agents or preferably cofactors in causing HCC. In countries with a relatively high alcohol consumption and intermediate levels of HCV and HBV infections (1-3% of population infected by each virus), such as Mediterranean countries, the three main risk factors together account for about 85% of the total HCC cases, leaving little space to other known risk factors, such as haemochromatosis, and to new, still unrecognised, factors as independent causes of HCC.

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Section: Tobacco Smokingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Southern Europe as an example of interaction between various environmental factors: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

et al. 2006

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“…~-9 Seven of these were conducted in Western countries with low incidence of HCC, [1][2][3][4][5]7,9 and two in developing countries with a relatively high incidence of this tumor. 6,8 In all the studies in developed countries as well as the South African study, 8 an increased risk for HCC was found among OC users, although no such association was evident in the WHO collaborative study which was undertaken in populations of several developing countries?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liveborn children and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Τζώνου

Zavitsanos²,

Hsieh³

et al. 1992

Cancer Causes Control

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Clinical, animal, and epidemiologic evidence indicates that exogenous steroids influence the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a recent study suggested that parity also may increase the risk of this tumor in women. The latter hypothesis was evaluated in the data from a case-control study which was carried out in Athens and covered 166 male and 19 female cases of HCC, and 381 male and 51 female hospital controls. Among males, there was no association between the number of liveborn children and risk of HCC, whereas among women, there was a suggestive positive association. Compared with women with one or two children, the relative risk for HCC was 0.6 among nulliparous women, 1.3 among those with three or four children and 1.7 among those with five or more children. The association of parity with risk of HCC was limited to women who were positive for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) and was not confounded by hepatitis-C virus infection or tobacco smoking. The small number of HCC cases does not permit firm conclusions. If confirmed, however, these results would provide the foundation for a practical preventive advice that could be given to women who are positive for HBsAg.

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“…Although HCC is a typical viral infection-related malignancy derived from chronic hepatitis B and C [2][3], HCC has also been strongly associated with lifestyle. Excessive alcohol consumption, obesity and type 2 Research Paper www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget diabetes are strongly associated with the carcinogenesis and development of HCC [4][5][6][7]. Thus, not only the proportion but also the number of HCC patients with nonviral etiologies has been increasing on a global scale [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%