Risk Factors for Glaucoma Needing More Attention

Coleman, Anne L.; Kodjebacheva, Gergana

doi:10.2174/1874364100903020038

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…It affects primarily the middle aged and elderly, the glaucoma currently constitute second most common cause of treatable blindness worldwide. [2]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and evaluation of stimuli-sensitive hydrogels of timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate for the treatment of glaucoma

Dubey

Prabhu²

2014

Int J Pharma Investig

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Background:Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional, polymeric network structure capable of imbibing large amounts of water or biological fluids on stimulation, such as pH, temperature, and ionic change. Owing to the drawback of conventional therapy for ocular delivery, and to provide additive effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, stimuli sensitive hydrogel membranes containing a combination of timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate were formulated for the treatment of glaucoma.Materials and Methods:Stimuli-sensitive hydrogel were formulated by timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate. Poly acrylic acid (carbopol C 934p) is used as a gelling agent, hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose as viscolizer, sodium chloride as tonicity agent. Bezalkonium chloride as preservative. White rabbits of both sexes, weighing between 2 and 3 kg were used for the study. Stirring of ingredients in pH 4 phosphate buffers at high speed was carried out.Result:Viscosity of the prepared hydrogels lies in the optimum range that is, 25-55 cps. Infrared spectroscopy studies show that there is no interaction between the drug and polymer. Drug released up to 90% at the end of 8 h. The hydrogel membranes were found to be sterile, nonirritant to the eye. Marketed formulation showed a decrease in IOP up to 14 mmHg at the end of 5 h and then elimination of drug, F2 and F6 maintain the sustained effect up to 12 h.Conclusion:Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels was successfully formulated and evaluated for rheological studies, drug release studies, drug interaction studies, sterility studies, ocular irritation studies, and in vivo studies. IOP lowering activity of the combination of timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate in stimuli-sensitive hydrogel was better when compared with alone medication, which shows the additive effect of combination medication.

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“…It affects primarily the middle aged and elderly, the glaucoma currently constitute second most common cause of treatable blindness worldwide. [2]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and evaluation of stimuli-sensitive hydrogels of timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate for the treatment of glaucoma

Dubey

Prabhu²

2014

Int J Pharma Investig

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“…2007). Whether such factors may also influence the risk of glaucoma is largely unknown, published data being particularly scarce in this field (Coleman & Kodjebacheva 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional, lifestyle and environmental factors in ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma: an exploratory case-control study

Renard¹,

Jf²,

Bron³

et al. 2012

Acta Ophthalmologica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To evaluate known and potential risk factors, including nutritional, lifestyle and environmental factors, differentiating patients with high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) from control subjects with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: In 2006 French ophthalmologists prospectively enrolled 339 cases of POAG and 339 age-matched controls with OHT. After a clinical examination with assessment of ocular risk factors, the ophthalmologist filled, during face-to-face interview, a detailed questionnaire developed by nutritionists and epidemiologist on lifestyle and environmental risk factors, including socio-demographic variables, dietary habits related to omega-3 fatty acids intake, smoking and alcohol drinking and professional exposure to pesticides and other chemicals. Associations of POAG with risk factors were estimated using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for age, gender and duration of disease. Results: In the final multivariate model, by comparison with OHT, POAG was significantly associated with more frequent use of pesticides during the professional life [OR = 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-6.78, p = 0.04] and with low consumption of fatty fish (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.10-4.17, p = 0.02) and walnuts (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.18-3.47, p = 0.01). POAG was also associated with higher frequency of heavy smoking (40 pack-years or more, OR = 3.93, 95% CI: 1.12-13.80, p = 0.03) but not with moderate (20-40 pack-years) and light smoking (<20 pack-years). Conclusions: These exploratory observations suggest a protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids and a deleterious effect of heavy smoking and professional exposure to pesticides in POAG. This will need to be confirmed in future studies.

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“…IOP is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma (3) . Some epidemiological studies have described an association between obesity and IOP in adults (4,5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between body mass index and intraocular pressure in children

Albuquerque¹,

Gaete²,

Figueirôa³

et al. 2013

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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RESUMO ABSTRACTPurpose: There is evidence from some studies that support an association between obesity in adults and higher intraocular pressure (IOP). However, this association has not been completely studied in children. Our aim is to evaluate the association between child body mass index (BMI) and IOP. Methods: Ninety-six children attending the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fer nando Figueira (IMIP) in Brazil were studied. Thirty-three were overweight/ obese with a mean BMI of 29.7 ± 5.2 and 63 with a mean BMI of 20.8 ± 3.3. IOP was measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometer and was corrected for corneal thickness. The coefficient of correlation between BMI and IOP was calculated. Results: There was no significant difference in the IOP of children with or without overweight/obesity. The mean IOP was 13.5 and 13.0 mmHg for the right eye and 13.1 and 12.9 mmHg for left eye, respectively (p=0.38 and p=0.71). The results remained the same after correction by pachymetry; 13.0 and 13.1 mmHg for the right eye and 12.4 and 12.9 mmHg for the left eye, respectively (p=0.88 and p=0.41). The coefficient of correlation between BMI and IOP was 0.070 (p=0.496). Conclusion:These results do not show a correlation between body mass index and IOP in children. Further studies are warranted to clarify the association between BMI and IOP in children.

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Risk Factors for Glaucoma Needing More Attention

Cited by 61 publications

References 51 publications

Formulation and evaluation of stimuli-sensitive hydrogels of timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate for the treatment of glaucoma

Formulation and evaluation of stimuli-sensitive hydrogels of timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate for the treatment of glaucoma

Nutritional, lifestyle and environmental factors in ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma: an exploratory case-control study

The correlation between body mass index and intraocular pressure in children

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