Risk factors for emergence and progression of scoliosis in children with severe cerebral palsy: a systematic review

Loeters, Marianne J. B.; Maathuis, Carel G. B.; Hadders‐Algra, Mijna

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03617.x

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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Section: Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural history studies indicate that non-ambulant subjects with bilateral CP, consistent with GMFCS levels IV and V, appear to be at the greatest risk [51,91]. The emergence and progression of scoliosis does not appear to be associated with the type of CP, such as spastic, dyskinetic or ataxic [51]. However, there is conflicting evidence with respect to possible associations between the presence of pelvic obliquity and hip dislocation and the onset and progression of scoliosis [51].…”

Section: Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Orthotic management of cerebral palsy: Recommendations from a consensus conference

Morris

Bowers

Ross

et al. 2011

NRE

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An international multidisciplinary group of healthcare professionals and researchers participated in a consensus conference on the management of cerebral palsy, convened by the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics. Participants reviewed the evidence and considered contemporary thinking on a range of treatment options including physical and occupational therapy, and medical, surgical and orthotic interventions. The quality of many of the reviewed papers was compromised by inadequate reporting and lack of transparency, in particular regarding the types of patients and the design of the interventions being evaluated. Substantial evidence suggests that ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) that control the foot and ankle in stance and swing phases can improve gait efficiency in ambulant children (GMFCS levels I-III). By contrast, little high quality evidence exists to support the use of orthoses for the hip, spine or upper limb. Where the evidence for orthosis use was not compelling consensus was reached on recommendations for orthotic intervention. Subsequent group discussions identified recommendations for future research. The evidence to support using orthoses is generally limited by the brevity of follow-up periods in research studies; hence the extent to which orthoses may prevent deformities developing over time remains unclear. The full report of the conference can be accessed free of charge at www.ispoint.org.

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Section: Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

Orthotic management of cerebral palsy: Recommendations from a consensus conference

Morris

Bowers

Ross

et al. 2011

NRE

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“…Loeters et al 14 conducted a literature review on the risk factors for the progression of scoliosis in patients with CP. Based on 10 studies, they failed to demonstrate any specific risk factor with a high level of evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Function and Presence and Type of Deformity in Patients With Cerebral Palsy

Daher

Martins²,

Esperidião³

et al. 2016

Coluna/Columna

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Objective: To evaluate the gross motor function (GMFCS) with respect to the prevalence and type of scoliosis in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: This was an analytical, cross-sectional study. We evaluated medical records and imaging studies of 100 patients randomly assigned to a specialist rehabilitation center for the care of such patients. The patients were classified according the gross motor function (GMFCS) and those with deformities were classified as per the kind of scoliosis through the classification of Lonstein and Akbarnia). A correlation was made among the presence of deformity, the variables of the type of deformity and motor function by GMFCS. Results: Of the 100 patients evaluated, 69 had scoliosis. The mean age of patients with scoliosis was higher than that of patients without deformity (12.63 and 10.46 years). Thirty-nine (57%) patients had spastic tetraparesis and 32 (46%) spastic diparesis. The most frequent curve pattern was the thoracolumbar and the average angular value of the main curve was 27 degrees. There was a positive correlation between the presence of scoliosis and GMFCS level V. There was also a positive correlation between the Lonstein Group II and GMFCS V. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the presence of scoliosis and greater involvement of gross motor function (GMFCS V). In patients with deformities, there is also a positive correlation between the Group II of Lonstein and GMFCS V.Keywords: Spine; Cerebral palsy; Scoliosis; Epidemiology. (12,63 e 10,46 RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a função motora grossa (GMFCS) com relação à prevalência e ao tipo de escoliose no paciente com paralisia cerebral (PC anos). Trinta e nove (57%) pacientes apresentavam tetraparesia espástica e 32 (46%) diparesia espástica. O padrão de curva mais frequente foi o toracolombar e o valor angular médio da curva principal foi de 27 graus. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a presença de escoliose e GMFCS nível V. Também houve correlação positiva entre o Grupo II de Lonstein e GMFCS V. Conclusão: Existe uma correlação positiva entre a presença de escoliose e maior acometimento da função motora grossa (GMFCS V). Nos pacientes com deformidades, também existe uma correlação positiva entre o Grupo II de Lonstein e o GMFCS V.Descritores: Coluna vertebral; Paralisia cerebral; Escoliose; Epidemiologia. RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la función motora gruesa (GMFCS) con respecto a la prevalencia y tipo de escoliosis en pacientes con parálisis cerebral (PC). Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se evaluaron los registros médicos y los estudios de imagen de 100 pacientes asignados al azar en un centro de rehabilitación especializado en el cuidado de estos pacientes. Los pacientes fueron clasificados de acuerdo con la función motora (GMFCS) y aquellos con deformidad

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“…In studies focusing on CP, the factors contributing to the development of spinal deformity have been suggested to include spasticity, muscle weakness and poor muscle control (12). In a meta-analysis of the risk factors for the development of scoliosis in CP the authors were unable to draw firm conclusions (13). The authors highlighted the lack of evidence and the poor methodological quality of the research.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The management of scoliosis in children with cerebral palsy: a review

Cloake¹,

Gardner²

2016

J. Spine Surg.

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Children who suffer with cerebral palsy (CP) have a significant chance of developing scoliosis during their early years and adolescence. The behavior of this scoliosis is closely associated with the severity of the CP disability and unlike idiopathic scoliosis, it continues to progress beyond skeletal maturity. Conservative measures may slow the progression of the curve, however, surgery remains the only definitive management option. Advances in surgical technique over the last 50 years have provided methods to effectively treat the deformity while also reducing complication rates. The increased risk of surgical complications with these complex patients make decisions about treatment challenging, however with careful pre-operative optimization and post-operative care, surgery can offer a significant improvement in quality of life. This review discusses the development of scoliosis in CP patient, evaluates conservative and surgical treatment options and assesses post-operative outcome.

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Risk factors for emergence and progression of scoliosis in children with severe cerebral palsy: a systematic review

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Orthotic management of cerebral palsy: Recommendations from a consensus conference

Orthotic management of cerebral palsy: Recommendations from a consensus conference

Relationship Between Function and Presence and Type of Deformity in Patients With Cerebral Palsy

The management of scoliosis in children with cerebral palsy: a review

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