Risk Factors for Eating Disorder Psychopathology within the Treatment Seeking Transgender Population: The Role of Cross‐Sex Hormone Treatment

Jones, Beth; Haycraft, Emma; Bouman, Walter Pierre; Brewin, Nicola; Claes, Laurence; Arcelus, Jon

doi:10.1002/erv.2576

Cited by 62 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…One study showed that following GAHT, MTFs experienced less body uneasiness, but FTMs did not share the same benefit, possibly due to discomfort at a personal rather than social level [54]. The rest of the studies strongly established that GAHT reduces body discomfort and increases body-gender congruence and body image satisfaction, most likely due to a reduction of the discrepancy in characteristics between natal sex and gender identity [35•, 39,42, 43, 48, 55, 56]. Finally, noticeable decreases in eating disorder psychopathology and symptoms were documented by Testa et al [55] and Jones et al [56], although Turan et al [39] did not find a correlation between GAHT and eating attitudes or behaviors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of the studies strongly established that GAHT reduces body discomfort and increases body-gender congruence and body image satisfaction, most likely due to a reduction of the discrepancy in characteristics between natal sex and gender identity [35•, 39,42, 43, 48, 55, 56]. Finally, noticeable decreases in eating disorder psychopathology and symptoms were documented by Testa et al [55] and Jones et al [56], although Turan et al [39] did not find a correlation between GAHT and eating attitudes or behaviors. Since all three of these studies—only one [39] of which was longitudinal (Table 1)—were conducted in different countries (USA, Canada, UK, Turkey) using different questionnaires, cross-cultural comparison among these data should be approached cautiously.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gender-Affirming Hormone Use in Transgender Individuals: Impact on Behavioral Health and Cognition

Nguyen

Chavez

Lipner

et al. 2018

Curr Psychiatry Rep

121

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Purpose of Review With increasing numbers of transgender and gender non-binary individuals presenting for care, knowing how to elucidate the mental health and cognitive outcomes of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is necessary. This article reviews the present literature covering GAHT effects on mood, behavioral health, and cognition in these individuals and offers research priorities to address knowledge gaps. Recent Findings Although there are some conflicting data, GAHToverwhelmingly seems to have positive psychological effects in both adolescents and adults. Research tends to support that GAHT reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression, lowers perceived and social distress, and improves quality of life and self-esteem in both male-to-female and female-to-male transgender individuals. Summary Clinically, prescribing GAHT can help with gender dysphoria-related mental distress. Thus, timely hormonal intervention represents a crucial tool for improving behavioral wellness in transgender individuals, though effects on cognitive processes fundamental for daily living are unknown. Future research should prioritize better understanding of how GAHT may affect executive functioning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Affirming Hormone Use in Transgender Individuals: Impact on Behavioral Health and Cognition

Nguyen

Chavez

Lipner

et al. 2018

Curr Psychiatry Rep

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, qualitative reports from women with ASD often report conflict between expected feminine roles and their autistic identities [77]. At the same time, transgender individuals are at increased risk of body dissatisfaction and clinical EDs [78,79]. Specifically, restrictive eating and exercise can be a means of achieving a body congruent with one's gender identity [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion Recognition Abilities in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa are Associated with Autistic Traits

Kerr-Gaffney

Mason

Jones

et al. 2020

JCM

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Difficulties in socio-emotional functioning are proposed to contribute to the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to examine emotion recognition abilities in individuals in the acute and recovered stages of AN compared to healthy controls (HCs). A second aim was to examine whether attention to faces and comorbid psychopathology predicted emotion recognition abilities. The films expressions task was administered to 148 participants (46 AN, 51 recovered AN, 51 HC) to assess emotion recognition, during which attention to faces was recorded using eye-tracking. Comorbid psychopathology was assessed using self-report questionnaires and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–2nd edition (ADOS-2). No significant differences in emotion recognition abilities or attention to faces were found between groups. However, individuals with a lifetime history of AN who scored above the clinical cut-off on the ADOS-2 displayed poorer emotion recognition performance than those scoring below cut-off and HCs. ADOS-2 scores significantly predicted emotion recognition abilities while controlling for group membership and intelligence. Difficulties in emotion recognition appear to be associated with high autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits, rather than a feature of AN. Whether individuals with AN and high ASD traits may require different treatment strategies or adaptations is a question for future research.

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“…In fact, Castellano and colleagues [ 73 ] reported no difference between the transgender population and their matched controls. This could be due to the fact that people undergoing GAGS are generally already on CHT and hormonal treatment is known to have a positive effect on body image [ 10 , 36 , 88 ] by aiding in the development of desired secondary sexual characteristics of the experienced gender, whilst helping to alter some of the attributes relative to the sex assigned at birth. Consequently, this leads to an improvement in body image-related QoL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies regarding general QoL have found that transgender people’s QoL is poorer than that of cisgender people, but that it improves post-GAT. The poorer QoL found in the transgender population pre-CHT [ 56 , 74 ] could be explained by the high degree of mental health problems reported in this population [ 16 , 89 ] as well as by the difficulties that many have in socialising and living a fulfilling life [ 10 – 12 , 37 ]. However, the studies that focus only on people pre-CHT were rare and only included those seeking medical transition, which does not allow for a generalisation of these findings to the general transgender population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life of treatment-seeking transgender adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nobili

Glazebrook

2018

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

Self Cite

132

100

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The study aims to systematically extract and analyse data about Quality of Life (QoL) in the transgender population. A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases, up to July 2017. Only English language quantitative studies, in adults, which reported the means for validated QoL measures were included. Random-effect meta-analysis was adopted to pool data and estimate the 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). From 94 potentially relevant articles, 29 studies were included within the review and data extraction for meta-analysis was available in 14 studies. The majority of the studies were cross-sectional, lacked controls and displayed moderate risk of bias. Findings from the systematic review suggested that transgender people display poor QoL, independent of the domain investigated. Pooling across studies showed that transgender people report poorer mental health QoL compared to the general population (−0.78, 95% CI = −1.08 to −0.48, 14 studies). However, meta-analysis in a subgroup of studies looking at QoL in participants who were exclusively post-CHT found no difference in mental health QoL between groups (−0.42, 95% CI = −1.15 to 0.31; 7 studies). There was insufficient data for a pre-treatment subgroup. Evidence suggests that transgender people have lower QoL than the general population. Some evidence suggests that QoL improves post-treatment. Better quality studies that include clearly defined transgender populations, divided by stage of gender affirming treatment and with appropriate matched control groups are needed to draw firmer conclusions.

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Risk Factors for Eating Disorder Psychopathology within the Treatment Seeking Transgender Population: The Role of Cross‐Sex Hormone Treatment

Cited by 62 publications

References 58 publications

Gender-Affirming Hormone Use in Transgender Individuals: Impact on Behavioral Health and Cognition

Gender-Affirming Hormone Use in Transgender Individuals: Impact on Behavioral Health and Cognition

Emotion Recognition Abilities in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa are Associated with Autistic Traits

Quality of life of treatment-seeking transgender adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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