Risk factors for cytomegalovirus seropositivity in a population of day care educators in Montréal, Canada

Joseph, Serene A.; Béliveau, Claire; Muecke, Cristin J.; Rahme, Elham; Soto, Julio C.; Flowerdew, Gordon; Johnston, Lynn; Langille, Donald B.; Gyorkos, Theresa W.

doi:10.1093/occmed/kqi121

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Males Ghana [69] Malaysia [122] US-Texas [101] Australia [44] US-Washington [109] US-Alaska [117] US-Maryland [116] Germany [67] US-Alabama [119] US [40] US-Alabama [91] US-Texas [99] CMV Seroprevalence Ratios for Lower SES vs. Higher SES US-Virginia [28] US-Virginia [29] Chile [54] Canada [51] India [72] US-Washington [105] US [40] US-Washington [104] US-Alabama [85] US-Alabama [88] US-Kentucky [121] US-Texas [101] US-Texas [99] A: Race/ethnicity Summary prevalence ratio = 1.59 95% confidence interval = 1.57-1.61…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce sampling variability, we only included countries that had at least 500 women tested. Studies were from Australia [44], Belgium [45][46][47], Brazil [48,49], Canada [25,[50][51][52], Chile [53,54], England [23,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61], Finland [62], France [63][64][65][66], Germany [67,68], Ghana [69], India [70][71][72], Israel [73,74], Italy [75][76][77], Japan [35,37,78,79], Scotland [80], South Africa [27], Spain [43], Sweden [38], Taiwan [39,81], Turkey [82][83][84] and the United States …”

Section: Race/ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CMV seroprevalence in various studies according to age. All studies that stratified by age were included [23][24][25]35,40,[43][44][45]51,56,60,61,69,72,75,90,95,100,104,[109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117] (see Table A1). Each line represents data from a single study.…”

Section: Race/ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Cannon¹,

Schmid²,

Hyde³

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

1,269

928

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Cytomegalovirus establishes a lifelong latent infection following primary infection that can periodically reactivate with shedding of infectious virus. Primary infection, reactivation and reinfection during pregnancy can all lead to in utero transmission to the developing fetus. Congenital CMV infections are a major cause of permanent hearing loss and neurological impairment. In this literature review, we found that CMV infection was relatively common among women of reproductive age, with seroprevalence ranging from 45 to 100%. CMV seroprevalence tended to be highest in South America, Africa and Asia and lowest in Western Europe and United States. Within the United States, CMV seroprevalence showed substantial geographic variation as well, differing by as much as 30 percentage points between states, though differences might be explained by variation in the types of populations sampled. Worldwide, seroprevalence among non-whites tended to be 20-30 percentage points higher than that of whites (summary prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.57-1.61). Females generally had higher seroprevalences than males, although in most studies the differences were small (summary PR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11-1.14). Persons of lower socioeconomic status were more likely to be CMV seropositive (summary PR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.32-1.35). Despite high seroprevalences in some populations, a substantial percentage of women of reproductive age are CMV seronegative and thus at risk of primary CMV infection during pregnancy. Future vaccine or educational campaigns to prevent primary infection in pregnant women may need to be tailored to suit the needs of different populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Race/ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Cannon¹,

Schmid²,

Hyde³

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

1,269

928

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Day care workers and mothers are at increased risk of acquiring CMV from children they care for (Bright and Calabro, 1999;Joseph et al, 2005;Noyola et al, 2005), and this combined with the recognised increased risk of breast cancer within 10 years of a full-term birth (Lambe et al, 1994) might explain an association in parous women. However, when we restricted our analysis to women who were 50 or more years of age at diagnosis or reference date in the controls, the strong effect of recent adult CMV infection in parous women remained, so this is an unlikely explanation of our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus: a nested case–control study

et al. 2010

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BACKGROUND: We investigated whether elevation in serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein -Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels precedes the development of breast cancer. METHODS: A nested case -control study was carried out within the Janus Serum Bank cohort. Two serum samples, one taken at least 4 years before diagnosis (sample 2) and an earlier sample (sample 1) from 399 women with invasive breast cancer and from 399 controls, matched for date of blood samples and age were tested for CMV and EBV IgG antibodies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CMV and EBV seroconversion between the samples and unit changes in IgG optical density (OD) examined as a continuous variable were calculated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Eleven cases and three controls seroconverted for CMV IgG between the first and second blood samples, with an adjusted OR for CMV IgG seroconversion of 4.0 (95% CI ¼ 1.1 -14.4). The risk of breast cancer, adjusted for parity, increased per unit difference in CMV OD between samples (OR ¼ 1.7, 95% CI ¼ 1.1 -2.5). In an analysis restricted to parous cases and age-matched parous controls, the OR for CMV seroconversion for IgG between the two samples, adjusted for parity and age at first birth, was 9.7 (95% CI ¼ 1.2 -77.3). The EBV seroconversion or change in EBV OD was not associated with risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Our hypothesis that elevation in serum CMV IgG antibody levels precedes the development of breast cancer in some women is supported by the results of this study. Changes in EBV IgG antibody are not associated with risk of breast cancer.

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“…Several personal and work-related factors may be associated with increased risk of contracting infectious diseases (Ford-Jones et al, 1996;Jackson et al, 1996;Joseph et al, 2005). Having raised their own children, earning a low income, and being older were significant personal factors for CMV.…”

Section: Implications For Pregnant Childcare Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Health and Safety Risks for Childcare Workers

McGrath¹

2007

AAOHN Journal

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Childcare workers are exposed to several health and safety risks in their work environment, the most common being infectious diseases, musculoskeletal injuries, accidents, and occupational stress. Pregnant childcare workers have an additional risk of potential harm to the fetus. Occupational health nurses can work collaboratively with childcare workers to reduce these risks and provide workplace health promotion programs. This article explores the occupational health and safety issues for childcare workers and suggests health promotion strategies that could be implemented by occupational health nurses working in this arena.

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Risk factors for cytomegalovirus seropositivity in a population of day care educators in Montréal, Canada

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Breast cancer, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus: a nested case–control study

Identifying Health and Safety Risks for Childcare Workers

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