Risk factors for arbovirus infections in a low-income community of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015-2016

Abstract

BackgroundDengue epidemics have occurred in the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) since 1986. In the year 2015, Zika and chikungunya viruses were introduced in the city, causing sequential and simultaneous epidemics. Poor socioeconomic conditions have been suggested as contributing factors of arboviral infection.ObjectiveTo describe the spatial distribution of human cases of symptomatic arboviral infections and to identify risk factors for infection in a poor community of Rio de Janeiro in the years 2015 and 2016.MethodsWe built thematic maps of incidence rates for 78 micro-areas in the Manguinhos neighborhood. The micro-areas congregate about 600 inhabitants. Simple and multiple multilevel logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the incidence of arboviral diseases and socio-demographic factors at both the individual and micro-area levels.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2016, 370 human cases of arbovirus infection were reported in the Manguinhos community: 123 in 2015 and 247 in 2016. There was a significant difference in the risk of arbovirus diseases among different micro-areas, but this was not explained by water and sanitation indicators. The cumulative incidence rate was 849/100,000 in two years. The incidence was greater in those individuals with familiar vulnerability (1,156/100,000 vs. 794/100,000). The multilevel adjusted model showed that the odds of acquiring an arbovirus infection was 55% greater in those with familiar vulnerability.ConclusionArbovirus infections cause a high burden of disease in Brazilian urban centers. Our results suggest that even in poor neighborhoods, there is a high spatial variability in the risk of acquiring an arbovirus infection. The conditions that favor vector proliferation and infection by arboviruses are complex and involve both individual and environmental characteristics that vary from place to place. To reduce the burden of arboviral diseases, continued public health policies and basic services should be provided to the communities at risk that consider specific local needs.

Características da epidemia de dengue em Pinhalzinho, Santa Catarina, 2015-2016*

“…With regard to sex, higher numbers of cases recorded among females have also been found in other studies. [9][10][11][12] This pattern may be related to Ae. Aegypti distribution, principally inside and around households, 13 these being environments frequented more by females; or also to the fact of women seeking health services and medical care.…”

“…Aegypti distribution, principally inside and around households, 13 these being environments frequented more by females; or also to the fact of women seeking health services and medical care. [9][10][11] A greater incidence coefficient was also found in older people aged 50 or more. This finding diverges from patterns reported by other studies conducted in Brazil, whereby this coefficient is greater among young adults, particularly in the 20-49 age group.…”

Exploring local and global regression models to estimate the spatial variability of Zika and Chikungunya cases in Recife, Brazil

“…Even in poor neighborhoods, there is a high spatial variability in the cases of arbovirus diseases. Conditions related to vector proliferation and infection by arboviruses are complex and involve both individual and environmental characteristics that vary from place to place 3 .…”

A a Influência Da Precipitação E Da Temperatura Sobre as Ocorrências De Febre Chikungunya No Município De Belém Do Pará, Brasil

“…A duração da fase larval não passa de cinco dias, enquanto a fase da pupa dura dois ou três dias. Somente as fêmeas picam o homem, pois necessitam das proteínas presentes no sangue para maturar seus ovos, podendo realizar quatro ou cinco ciclos reprodutivos e viver na natureza em média de 30 a 35 dias (ALMEIDA;SILVA, 2017;REINHOLD et al, 2018;FIOCRUZ, 2019).…”