Risk Factors Associated With Seroreactivity Against Leptospira sp. in Horses From Brazilian Amazon

Ribeiro, Taiã Mairon Peixoto; Correia, L.; Spohr, Kledir Anderson Hofstaetter; Aguiar, Daniel Moura de; Martins, Gabriel; Jayme, Valéria de Sá

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.197

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The first identification of this serovar in domestic animals in Brazil was reported by Herrmann et al [35] who tested sheep in Rio Grande do Sul. Sentot was among the most prevalent serovars identified in horses in the Amazon region [36]; however, few studies related to the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in horses have evaluated the presence of this serovar. Thus, in the present study, the high prevalence of these two serovars can indicate a large exposure of the sampled equids to wild species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Equine Leptospirosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Romanowski,

Dias,

Heinemann

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira, is a zoonotic disease that, in horses, is linked to abortions, uveitis, and sporadic occurrences of liver and kidney disease, often resulting in significant economic losses for farmers. Research on the prevalence of leptospirosis in horses in the central-west region of Brazil has been relatively scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis in equine herds in the state of Goiás (Central Brazil). Blood samples were collected from 894 equids at 294 randomly selected farms divided into three different strata according to their herd characteristics. The microscopic agglutination test for the detection of anti-Leptospira agglutinins was carried out and the results showed that among the 294 sampled farms, 213 (72.9%; CI 95% 71.7–78.9) had one or more animals positive for leptospirosis, and of the 894 horses sampled, 513 (61.6%; CI 95% 54.3–69.0) were seropositive for leptospirosis. Djasiman, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Australis were the most prevalent serogroups. The results showed a high prevalence of seropositive animals and a widespread distribution of positive farms in the state of Goiás. Thus, environmental sanitation measures and health education to prevent and control equine leptospirosis in the state are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Equine Leptospirosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Romanowski,

Dias,

Heinemann

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…MAT titers detectable in serum are mainly influenced by the type of horse stabling, its location, geographical region, climatic conditions, and age of the tested horses [59,320,322,323,325,326,[329][330][331][332][333][334]. Laboratory diagnostics (MAT titers considered "positive" and serovars available) may have also influenced the results of these studies [308].…”

Section: Diagnostic Value Of Testing Serum Samples For Anti-leptospir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Uveitis in Horses and New Insights in Its Leptospiral Biofilm-Related Pathogenesis

2022

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Uveitis is a sight-threatening eye disease in equids known worldwide that leads to considerable pain and suffering. By far the most common type of uveitis in Germany and neighboring countries is classical equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), which is caused by chronic intraocular leptospiral infection and is the main cause of infectious uveitis in horses. Other infectious causes are extremely rare and are usually clinically distinguishable from ERU. ERU can be treated very effectively by vitreous cavity lavage (vitrectomy). For proper indications of this demanding surgery, it is necessary to differentiate ERU from other types of uveitis in which vitrectomy is not helpful. This can be conducted on the basis of anamnesis in combination with ophthalmologic findings and by aqueous humor examination. During vitrectomy, vitreous material is obtained. These vitreous samples have historically been used for numerous etiologic studies. In this way, a chronic intraocular leptospiral infection has been shown to be the cause of typical ERU and, among other findings, ERU has also been recognized as a biofilm infection, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of ERU and explaining some thus far unexplainable phenomena of ERU. ERU may not only have transmissible aspects to some types of uveitis in humans, but may also serve as a model for a spontaneously occurring biofilm infection. Vitreous material obtained during therapeutically indicated vitrectomy can be used for further studies on in vivo biofilm formation, biofilm composition and possible therapeutic approaches.

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“…In other cases, where the history is suggestive of ERU but the ophthalmologic findings are questionable, the indication for vitrectomy cannot be reliably established by ophthalmologic examination. Examination of serum by micro agglutination test (MAT) unfortunately does not allow a reliable statement about a local leptospiral infection in the eye, because too many healthy horses in Europe [5,6,10,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] as well as in other parts of the world [24,27,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] have agglutinating antibodies in the serum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Anti-LipL32 Antibodies in Serum Samples from Horses with Chronic Intraocular Infection with Leptospira spp.

2021

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Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is typically caused by chronic intraocular leptospiral infection in warm-blooded horses in central Europe. The most effective therapy for leptospiral-induced ERU is the surgical removal of diseased vitreous (vitrectomy). Since vitrectomy is a highly specialized and invasive surgery, the indication must be determined very carefully. In order to obtain evidence of intraocular leptospiral infection by laboratory diagnostics in questionable leptospiral ERU-cases, sampling of aqueous humor is required, because serum tests using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) are too unspecific. The SNAP Lepto is a cross-species rapid test for the detection of anti-Lipl32 antibodies that has a high sensitivity (0.97) and specificity (1.00) for the detection of anti-leptospiral antibodies using aqueous humor or vitreous samples, which is comparable to MAT. To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of SNAP Lepto using serum, serum samples from 90 horses with confirmed leptospiral ERU and from 103 ocularly healthy horses were tested by both MAT and SNAP Lepto. Sensitivity was similar for both tests (0.82 vs. 0.79), but specificity was lower for MAT (0.52 vs. 0.95). Sensitivity and specificity are therefore lower in serum samples compared to intraocular samples, however, the SNAP Lepto is far superior to MAT and suitable as a screening method using equine serum.

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Risk Factors Associated With Seroreactivity Against Leptospira sp. in Horses From Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Seroprevalence of Equine Leptospirosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Seroprevalence of Equine Leptospirosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Infectious Uveitis in Horses and New Insights in Its Leptospiral Biofilm-Related Pathogenesis

Detection of Anti-LipL32 Antibodies in Serum Samples from Horses with Chronic Intraocular Infection with Leptospira spp.

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