Risk factors associated with failures of Varroa treatments in honey bee colonies without broodless period

Giacobino, Agostina; Molineri, Ana; Cagnolo, Natalia Bulacio; Merke, Julieta; Orellano, Emanuel; Bertozzi, Ezequiel; Masciángelo, Germán; Pietronave, Hernán; Pacini, Adriana; Salto, C.; Signorini, Marcelo

doi:10.1007/s13592-015-0347-0

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Sample mite loads differed significantly by month (Figure 1, F 11,2883 = 44.19, P < 0.0001), with September-November having mean mite loads above 5.5 mites. From July through November, mean mite levels were above the treatment threshold of three mites per 100 bees Giacobino et al 2015). However, it is only from August-November that we find more than 50 % of samples above the treatment threshold (three mites per 100 bees) with a max infestation rate of 64 mites per 100 bees detected in September 2011.…”

Section: Varroa and Nosema By Monthcontrasting

confidence: 50%

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Multiyear survey targeting disease incidence in US honey bees

et al. 2016

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-The US National Honey Bee Disease Survey sampled colony pests and diseases from 2009 to 2014. We verified the absence of Tropilaelaps spp., the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana ), and slow bee paralysis virus. Endemic health threats were quantified, including Varroa destructor , Nosema spp., and eight honey bee viruses. Varroa loads varied across years, with annual fall peaks; Nosema peaked January to April. Migratory beekeepers had significantly lower Varroa prevalence (84.9 vs. 97.0 %) and loads (3.65 ± 0.28 vs. 5.99 ± 0.22) than stationary operations, while Nosema was more prevalent (59.9 vs. 46.7 %) in migratory colonies. Since 2010, chronic bee paralysis virus prevalence doubled annually. We detected strong positive relationships between V. destructor and Varroa -transmitted viruses, between Nosema and Lake Sinai virus 2, and a positive relationship across several viral pathogens of bees. The results provide a disease baseline to help identify drivers of poor bee health.Apis mellifera / disease survey / pests / parasite / USA

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Section: Varroa and Nosema By Monthcontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Varroa infestations were consistently low from January through June, with mean infestations remaining below the recommended treatment threshold of three mites/100 bees Giacobino et al 2015). Annual peaks occurred from August through November, when mean mite levels regularly exceeded the treatment threshold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Multiyear survey targeting disease incidence in US honey bees

et al. 2016

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“…Climate type had a highly significant influence on the mite infestations and apparently may be more important than race (Moretto et al, 1991). Climate effect on the number of Varroa mites might be explained by longer brood presence, however regardless of the temperate climate in most regions from Argentina there is no broodless period (Marcangeli et al, 1992;Giacobino et al, 2015). Yet, assuming that bees from subtropical climate had, in fact, a relative longer season with brood and consequently higher mite populations than colonies in temperate climate (Vetharaniam, 2012), this does not explain why treated and non-treated colonies from subtropical climate presented similar DWV relative virus levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varroa destructor and viruses association in honey bee colonies under different climatic conditions

Giacobino

Molineri

Pacini

et al. 2016

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Honey bee colonies are threatened by multiple factors including complex interactions between environmental and diseases such as parasitic mites and viruses. We compared the presence of honeybeepathogenic viruses and Varroa infestation rate in four apiaries: commercial colonies that received treatment against Varroa and non-treated colonies that did not received any treatment for the last 4 years located in temperate and subtropical climate. In addition, we evaluated the effect of climate and Varroa treatment on deformed wing virus (DWV) amounts. In both climates, DWV was the most prevalent virus, being the only present virus in subtropical colonies. Moreover, colonies from subtropical climate also showed reduced DWV amounts and lower Varroa infestation rates than colonies from temperate climate. Nevertheless, non-treated colonies in both climate conditions are able to survive several years. Environment appears as a key factor interacting with local bee populations and influencing colony survival beyond Varroa and virus presence.

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“…What beekeepers report tends to differ between operation types. Commercial beekeepers tend to report direct and known risk factors that correlate to colony losses such as "Varroa" (Genersch et al, 2010;Giacobino et al, 2015) and "Queen failure" (Brodschneider et al, 2016;vanEngelsdorp et al, 2013). Backyard beekeepers, on average, are more likely to assign factors that are more easily mitigated by good management, such as "Weak in the fall" or "Starvation," both of which can be mediated by timely and proper feeding strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We considered the top three reported risk factors, meaning those self-reported factors that directly cause colony loss. These factors were -"Varroa" (Genersch et al, 2010;Giacobino et al, 2015), "Queen failure" (Brodschneider et al, 2016;vanEngelsdorp et al, 2013) and "Pesticides" (Traynor et al, 2016). We then estimated how many colonies were lost to these risk factors by counting how many colonies were lost by each beekeeper who reported each cause.…”

Section: Self-reported Causes Of Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

A national survey of managed honey bee 2014–2015 annual colony losses in the USA

Seitz

Traynor

Steinhauer

et al. 2015

Journal of Apicultural Research

163

131

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Managed honey bee colony losses are of concern in the USA and globally. This survey, which documents the rate of colony loss in the USA during the 2015-2016 season, is the tenth report of winter losses, and the fifth of summer and annual losses. Our results summarize the responses of 5725 valid survey respondents, who collectively managed 427,652 colonies on 1 October 2015, an estimated 16.1% of all managed colonies in the USA. Responding beekeepers reported a total annual colony loss of 40.5% [95% CI 39.8-41.1%] between 1 April 2015 and 1 April 2016. Total winter colony loss was 26.9% [95% CI 26.4-27.4%] while total summer colony loss was 23.6% [95% CI 23.0-24.1%], making this the third consecutive year when summer losses have approximated to winter losses. Across all operation types, 32.3% of responding beekeepers reported no winter losses. Whilst the loss rate in the winter of 2015-2016 was amongst the lowest winter losses recorded over the ten years this survey has been conducted, 59.0% (n = 3378) of responding beekeepers had higher losses than they deemed acceptable. Encuesta nacional 2015-2016 sobre pé rdidas anuales de colonias de la abeja de la miel manejada en los EE.UU Las pérdidas de colonias de abejas manejadas son preocupantes en los Estados Unidos y en el mundo. Esta encuesta, que documenta la tasa de pérdida de colonias en los EE.UU. durante la temporada 2015-2016, es el décimo informe de las pérdidas de invierno, y el quinto de las pérdidas de verano y anuales. Nuestros resultados resumen las respuestas de 5.725 encuestados válidos, quienes colectivamente manejaron 427.652 colonias el 1 de octubre de 2015, un 16.1% de todas las colonias manejadas en los Estados Unidos. Los apicultores respondieron con una pérdida total de colonias anual del 40.5% [IC del 95%: 39.8-41.1%] entre el 1 de abril de 2015 y el 1 de abril de 2016. La pérdida total de colonias de invierno fue del 26.9% [IC del 95%: 26.4-27.4%], y las de verano del 23.6% [IC del 95%: 23.0-24.1%], lo que lo convierte en el tercer año consecutivo en que las pérdidas del verano se han aproximado a las pérdidas de invierno. En todos los tipos de operaciones, el 32.3% de los apicultores que respondieron no reportaron pérdidas de invierno. Mientras que la tasa de pérdidas en el invierno de 2015-2016 fue una de las pérdidas de invierno más bajas registradas durante los diez años que se han realizado esta encuesta, el 59.0% (n = 3.378) de los apicultores que respondieron tuvieron mayores pérdidas de las que consideraban aceptables.

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Risk factors associated with failures of Varroa treatments in honey bee colonies without broodless period

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Multiyear survey targeting disease incidence in US honey bees

Multiyear survey targeting disease incidence in US honey bees

Varroa destructor and viruses association in honey bee colonies under different climatic conditions

A national survey of managed honey bee 2014–2015 annual colony losses in the USA

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