Managed honey bee colony losses are of concern in the USA and globally. This survey, which documents the rate of colony loss in the USA during the 2015-2016 season, is the tenth report of winter losses, and the fifth of summer and annual losses. Our results summarize the responses of 5725 valid survey respondents, who collectively managed 427,652 colonies on 1 October 2015, an estimated 16.1% of all managed colonies in the USA. Responding beekeepers reported a total annual colony loss of 40.5% [95% CI 39.8-41.1%] between 1 April 2015 and 1 April 2016. Total winter colony loss was 26.9% [95% CI 26.4-27.4%] while total summer colony loss was 23.6% [95% CI 23.0-24.1%], making this the third consecutive year when summer losses have approximated to winter losses. Across all operation types, 32.3% of responding beekeepers reported no winter losses. Whilst the loss rate in the winter of 2015-2016 was amongst the lowest winter losses recorded over the ten years this survey has been conducted, 59.0% (n = 3378) of responding beekeepers had higher losses than they deemed acceptable. Encuesta nacional 2015-2016 sobre pé rdidas anuales de colonias de la abeja de la miel manejada en los EE.UU Las pérdidas de colonias de abejas manejadas son preocupantes en los Estados Unidos y en el mundo. Esta encuesta, que documenta la tasa de pérdida de colonias en los EE.UU. durante la temporada 2015-2016, es el décimo informe de las pérdidas de invierno, y el quinto de las pérdidas de verano y anuales. Nuestros resultados resumen las respuestas de 5.725 encuestados válidos, quienes colectivamente manejaron 427.652 colonias el 1 de octubre de 2015, un 16.1% de todas las colonias manejadas en los Estados Unidos. Los apicultores respondieron con una pérdida total de colonias anual del 40.5% [IC del 95%: 39.8-41.1%] entre el 1 de abril de 2015 y el 1 de abril de 2016. La pérdida total de colonias de invierno fue del 26.9% [IC del 95%: 26.4-27.4%], y las de verano del 23.6% [IC del 95%: 23.0-24.1%], lo que lo convierte en el tercer año consecutivo en que las pérdidas del verano se han aproximado a las pérdidas de invierno. En todos los tipos de operaciones, el 32.3% de los apicultores que respondieron no reportaron pérdidas de invierno. Mientras que la tasa de pérdidas en el invierno de 2015-2016 fue una de las pérdidas de invierno más bajas registradas durante los diez años que se han realizado esta encuesta, el 59.0% (n = 3.378) de los apicultores que respondieron tuvieron mayores pérdidas de las que consideraban aceptables.

-The US National Honey Bee Disease Survey sampled colony pests and diseases from 2009 to 2014. We verified the absence of Tropilaelaps spp., the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana ), and slow bee paralysis virus. Endemic health threats were quantified, including Varroa destructor , Nosema spp., and eight honey bee viruses. Varroa loads varied across years, with annual fall peaks; Nosema peaked January to April. Migratory beekeepers had significantly lower Varroa prevalence (84.9 vs. 97.0 %) and loads (3.65 ± 0.28 vs. 5.99 ± 0.22) than stationary operations, while Nosema was more prevalent (59.9 vs. 46.7 %) in migratory colonies. Since 2010, chronic bee paralysis virus prevalence doubled annually. We detected strong positive relationships between V. destructor and Varroa -transmitted viruses, between Nosema and Lake Sinai virus 2, and a positive relationship across several viral pathogens of bees. The results provide a disease baseline to help identify drivers of poor bee health.Apis mellifera / disease survey / pests / parasite / USA

-Honey bee colony losses are a major concern in the USA and across the globe. Long-term data on losses are critical for putting yearly losses in context. for the whole year. While total winter loss was one of the lowest reported in 8 years, 66 % of all beekeepers had higher losses than they deemed acceptable.honey bee / survey / mortality / colony losses / USA

SummaryFor the past six years in which overwintering mortality of honey bee colonies has been surveyed in the USA, estimates of colony loss have fluctuated around one-third of the national population. Here we report on the losses for the 2012-2013 seasons. We collected data from 6,482 US beekeepers (6,114 backyard, 233 sideline, and 135 commercial beekeepers) to document overwintering mortality rates of honey bee colonies for the USA. Responding beekeepers reported a total 30.6% (95% CI: 30.16-31.13%) loss of US colonies over the winter, with each beekeeper losing on average 44.8% (95% CI: 43.88-45.66%) of their colonies. Total winter losses varied across states (range: 11.0% to 54.7%). The self-reported level of acceptable winter loss was 14.6%, and 73.2% of the respondents had mortality rates greater than this level. The leading self-identified causes of overwintering mortality were different according to the operation type; backyard beekeepers generally self-identified "manageable" factors (e.g., starvation, weak colony in the fall), while commercial beekeepers generally identified nonmanageable factors (e.g., queen failure, pesticides) as the main cause of losses. For the first time in this series of surveys, we estimated mortality during the summer (total loss = 25.3% (95% CI: 24.80-25.74%), average loss = 12.5% (95% CI: 11.92-13.06%)). The entire 12-months period between April 2012 and April 2013 yielded a total loss of 45.2% (95% CI: 44.58-45.75%), and an average loss of 49.4% (95% CI: 48.46-50.43%). While we found that commercial beekeepers lost fewer colonies than backyard beekeepers in the winter (30.2% (95% CI:26.54-33.93% vs 45.4% (44.46-46.32%) respectively), the situation was reversed in the summer where commercial beekeepers reported higher average losses than backyard beekeepers (21.6% (95% CI: 18.4-24.79%) vs 12.1% (11.46-12.65%)). These findings demonstrate the ongoing difficulties of US beekeepers in maintaining overall colony heath and survival.Encuesta nacional anual sobre pérdidas de colonias manejadas de la abeja de la miel 2012-2013 en EE.UU.: resultados de la Asociación Abeja Informada ResumenDurante los últimos 6 años en los que la mortalidad invernal de colonias de abejas de la miel ha sido monitoreada en los EE.UU., las estimaciones de pérdida de colonias han fluctuado en torno a un tercio de la población nacional. Aquí informamos sobre las pérdidas para las temporadas 2012-2013. Se recogieron datos de 6,482 apicultores de Estados Unidos (6,114 tradicionales, 233 como negocio complementario, 2 Steinhauer et al.

SummaryThis study records the fifth consecutive year that winter losses of managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in the USA have been around 30%. In April 2011, a total of 5,441 US beekeepers (an estimated 11% of total US beekeepers) responded to a survey conducted by the Bee Informed Partnership. Survey respondents reported that they had lost an average of 38.4% of their colonies, for a total US colony loss of 29.9% over the winter of 2010-11. One-third of respondents (all classified as backyard beekeepers, i.e. keeping fewer than 50 colonies) reported no winter loss. There was considerable variation in both the average and total loss by state. On average, beekeepers consider acceptable losses to be 13.2%, but 68% of all responding beekeepers suffered actual losses in excess of what they considered acceptable. Of beekeepers who reported losing at least one colony, manageable conditions, such as starvation and a weak condition in the fall, were the leading self-identified causes of mortality. Respondents who indicated that varroa mites (Varroa destructor), small hive beetles (Aethina tumida), poor wintering conditions, and / or Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) conditions were a leading cause of mortality in their operations suffered a higher average loss than beekeepers who did not list any of these as potential causes. In a separate question, beekeepers who reported the symptom "no dead bees in hive or apiary" had significantly higher losses than those who did not report this symptom. In addition, commercial beekeepers were significantly more likely to indicate that colonies died with this symptom than either backyard or sideliner beekeepers. Journal of Apicultural Research51(1): 115-124 (2012) © IBRA 2012 DOI 10.3896/IBRA.1.51.1.14 116 vanEngelsdorp et al. Una encuesta nacional sobre las pérdidas invernales de colonias manejadas de abejas melíferas 2010-11 en losEstados Unidos: resultados de la Bee Informed Partnership ResumenEste estudio registra por quinto año consecutivo que las pérdidas invernales de abejas manejadas (Apis mellifera) en Estados Unidos están en torno al 30%. En abril del 2011, un total de 5,441 apicultores de los EE.UU. (se estima que el 11% del total de apicultores de EE.UU.) respondieron a una encuesta realizada por la Bee Informed Partnership. Los encuestados indicaron que habían perdido un promedio de 38.4% de sus colonias, con una pérdida total de colonias en EE.UU. del 29.9% durante el invierno de 2010-11. Un tercio de los encuestados (todos ellos clasificados como apicultores aficionados, es decir, con menos de 50 colonias) indicaron que no tuvieron pérdidas de invierno.Hubo una variación considerable tanto en la media como en el total de pérdidas por Estado. Por término medio, los apicultores consideran aceptables pérdidas del 13.2%, sin embargo, el 68% de todos los apicultores encuestados sufrieron pérdidas reales superiores a lo que consideran aceptable. Entre los apicultores que informaron de la pérdida de al menos una colonia, las principales causas de mortalidad identificad...

Managed honey bee colony losses are of concern in the USA and globally. This survey, which documents the rate of colony loss in the USA during the 2015-2016 season, is the tenth report of winter losses, and the fifth of summer and annual losses. Our results summarize the responses of 5725 valid survey respondents, who collectively managed 427,652 colonies on 1 October 2015, an estimated 16.1% of all managed colonies in the USA. Responding beekeepers reported a total annual colony loss of 40.5% [95% CI 39.8-41.1%] between 1 April 2015 and 1 April 2016. Total winter colony loss was 26.9% [95% CI 26.4-27.4%] while total summer colony loss was 23.6% [95% CI 23.0-24.1%], making this the third consecutive year when summer losses have approximated to winter losses. Across all operation types, 32.3% of responding beekeepers reported no winter losses. Whilst the loss rate in the winter of 2015-2016 was amongst the lowest winter losses recorded over the ten years this survey has been conducted, 59.0% (n = 3378) of responding beekeepers had higher losses than they deemed acceptable. Encuesta nacional 2015-2016 sobre pé rdidas anuales de colonias de la abeja de la miel manejada en los EE.UU Las pérdidas de colonias de abejas manejadas son preocupantes en los Estados Unidos y en el mundo. Esta encuesta, que documenta la tasa de pérdida de colonias en los EE.UU. durante la temporada 2015-2016, es el décimo informe de las pérdidas de invierno, y el quinto de las pérdidas de verano y anuales. Nuestros resultados resumen las respuestas de 5.725 encuestados válidos, quienes colectivamente manejaron 427.652 colonias el 1 de octubre de 2015, un 16.1% de todas las colonias manejadas en los Estados Unidos. Los apicultores respondieron con una pérdida total de colonias anual del 40.5% [IC del 95%: 39.8-41.1%] entre el 1 de abril de 2015 y el 1 de abril de 2016. La pérdida total de colonias de invierno fue del 26.9% [IC del 95%: 26.4-27.4%], y las de verano del 23.6% [IC del 95%: 23.0-24.1%], lo que lo convierte en el tercer año consecutivo en que las pérdidas del verano se han aproximado a las pérdidas de invierno. En todos los tipos de operaciones, el 32.3% de los apicultores que respondieron no reportaron pérdidas de invierno. Mientras que la tasa de pérdidas en el invierno de 2015-2016 fue una de las pérdidas de invierno más bajas registradas durante los diez años que se han realizado esta encuesta, el 59.0% (n = 3.378) de los apicultores que respondieron tuvieron mayores pérdidas de las que consideraban aceptables.

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