Risk factors and early detection of lung cancer in a cohort of Chinese tin miners

Is silicosis required for silica‐associated lung cancer?

“…Cohort studies comprised solely of silicotics and case±control studies that only examined associations between silicosis and lung cancer are not included. We identi®ed 17 relevant studies of workers from the following industries: pottery and ceramics [Forastiere et al, 1986;McLaughlin et al, 1992;Meijers et al, 1996;Cherry et al, 1998;Ulm et al, 1999]; quarries and stone [Mastrangelo et al, 1988;Mehnert et al, 1990;Ulm et al, 1999]; refractory brick [Puntoni et al, 1988;Dong et al, 1995]; diatomaceous earth [Checkoway et al, 1999]; gold mining [Hessel et al, 1990;Hnizdo et al, 1997;de Klerk and Musk, 1998]; and various other metals mining [Amandus and Costello, 1991;McLaughlin et al, 1992;Hua et al, 1994;Finkelstein, 1995;Qiao et al, 1997]. Ten of the studies that we reviewed present lung cancer ®ndings on the silica/lung cancer relation separately for silicotics and nonsilicotics (Table I).…”

“…Silicosis was identi®ed by compensation claims, rather than by systematic radiographic or other medical surveillance, in studies of Italian pottery workers [Forastiere et al, 1986], Italian miners [Mastrangelo et al, 1988], Italian refractory brick workers [Puntoni et al, 1988], German slate quarry workers [Mehnert et al, 1990], and Australian gold miners [de Klerk and Musk, 1998]. The absence of quanti®ed silica exposure data is a severe limitation affecting most of these investigations [Forastiere et al, 1986;Mastrangelo et al, 1988;Mehnert et al, 1990;Amandus and Costello, 1991;Hua et al, 1994;Finkelstein, 1995;Dong et al, 1995;Meijers et al, 1996;Qiao et al, 1997]. Interestingly, Finkelstein [1995] was able to derive quantitative estimates for radon exposure, and demonstrated that this was a very unlikely explanation for an excess lung cancer risk in silicotics; unfortunately, quanti®cation of silica exposure was not possible.…”

Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers

“…The symptoms of lung cancer and CT X-ray scattering of t he disea se wi t h only four of process can be observed. The first stage of biomarker identification for diagnosis of lung cancer in recent years, based on the methods researched and began to develop rapidly (Heighway et al, 2002, Hirsch et al, 2001and Qiao et al, 1997Singhalet al, 2005;Belinsky, 2004). Annexin II, also known as Annexin encoded by the gene ANXA2 used in the diagnosis of lung www.intechopen.com (Takahashi et al, 1994).…”

Early Detection of Lung Cancer: A Call for Novel Biomarkers-Review

“…This marker had a specifi city and sensitivity of 74% and 70% respectively (48,61). Sensitivity was improved to 96% when the overexpression of nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage.…”