Risk attitudes and risk perceptions in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

BackgroundLittle is known about risk attitudes and risk perceptions in multiple sclerosis (MS).ObjectivesThe objectives of this paper are to investigate the range of risk attitudes and risk perceptions and examine associations between risk attitudes and risk perceptions and demographic and clinical features of the disease.MethodsA total of 223 individuals completed a risk questionnaire. Risk attitude was measured using two rating scales and a standard gamble scenario. Risk perception was measured by asking participants to estimate the likelihood of disease progression and the likelihood of minor and serious side effects associated with common MS therapies.ResultsParticipants were risk neutral overall and risk averse on issues related to health and safety. There was a significant association between disease duration and risk attitude, with patients with longer disease duration showing greater tolerance for risk. On the standard gamble scenario, males were significantly more likely to take treatments with a likelihood of death of 1:10,000 or 1:100,000 than females. Individuals with higher disability or a progressive disease course were significantly more likely to expect progression at two, five and 10 years.ConclusionIndividuals with MS demonstrate low tolerance for risk. Risk attitudes and perceptions are influenced by some demographic and clinical features of the disease.

A survey of risk tolerance to multiple sclerosis therapies

“…9 Another study used the standard gamble paradigm to evaluate RT to death. 15 Those investigators observed male sex, greater disability, and longer disease duration to be associated with greater tolerance to risk of death. We found a similar association with sex and disability but not disease duration.…”

Contrasting Perspectives on the Comfort and Safety of Pedestrians Interacting with Other Road Users

“…A consent form was followed by a short, single-page set of travel habit and demographic questions: frequency of travel by different modes, age, gender, home postal code, educational attainment, and household income. Risk aversion was self-assessed with the question “Overall, how would you place yourself on the following scale?” with a seven-point response scale from “Extremely comfortable taking risks” to “Extremely uncomfortable taking risks,” based on Glanz et al ( 45 ). Participants were then shown a series of randomly ordered pages, each with a short (7–18 s) video clip of a sample interaction followed by a prompt to indicate their agreement with four statements about the interaction shown in the video (see Figure 1).…”

“…An online questionnaire was implemented in Qualtrics survey software to collect the interaction ratings. A (45). Participants were then shown a series of randomly ordered pages, each with a short (7-18 s) video clip of a sample interaction followed by a prompt to indicate their agreement with four statements about the interaction shown in the video (see Figure 1).…”

Claims Settlement and Risk Attitudes: Evidence from the Motor Insurance Policyholders

“…Therefore, Risk attitude is described as an individual enlightenment towards either avoiding or preferring risk when deciding on how to proceed in the circumstances embedded with the uncertain outcome. (Glanz, Greeke, LaRussa, Stuart, Rintell, Chitmis, & Healy, 2016). Risk attitude functions as an individual perception of risk with the tendency of experiencing an adverse event (Lippi, Barbieri, Piva, & De Bondt, 2018).…”