Risk assessment of urban soils contamination: The particular case of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cachada, Anabela; Silva, Eduardo Ferreira da; Duarte, Armando C.; Pereira, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.012

Cited by 102 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of semivolatile, chemically stable, and hydrophobic compounds which may be highly persistent in the environment, accumulating in soils and through the food chain. Therefore, the contamination of soils by PAHs is mainly a result of long-term pollution, and in areas with a continuous input of these contaminants, even though at low levels, it may result in high concentrations in soils as a result of accumulation over the years [1][2][3][4]. Due to the carcinogenic and/or mutagenic potential of PAHs, the contamination of soils may cause deleterious effects on ecosystems, and may also jeopardize human health [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, the first step for assessing soil quality is based on the comparison of the total content of contaminants with threshold concentrations, in order to calculate their potential hazard [2,5,6]. At this initial stage of risk assessment, multivariate and geostatistical tools can be very useful for site characterization, for example, to evaluate the extent of contamination and identify major sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Sources, and Potential Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lisbon Urban Soils

et al. 2019

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Urban soils quality may be severely affected by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination, as is the case of Lisbon (Portugal). However, to conduct a risk assessment analysis in an urban area can be a very difficult task due to the patchy nature and heterogeneity of these soils. Thus, the present study aims to provide an example on how to perform the first tier of a risk assessment plan in the case of urban soils using a simpler, cost effective, and reliable framework. Thus, a study was conducted in Lisbon to assess the levels of PAH, their potential risks to the environment and human health, and to identify their major sources. Source apportionment was performed by studying PAHs profiles, their relationship with potentially toxic elements, and general characteristics of soil using multivariate statistical methods. Results showed that geostatistical tools are useful for evaluating the spatial distribution and major inputs of PAHs in urban soils, as well as to identify areas of potential concern, showing their usefulness in risk assessment analysis and urban planning. Particularly, the prediction maps obtained allowed for a clear identification of areas with the highest levels of PAHs (close to the airport and in the city center). The high concentrations found in soils from the city center should be a result of long-term accumulation due to diffuse pollution mostly from traffic (through atmospheric emissions, tire debris and fuel exhaust, as well as pavement debris). Indeed, most of the sites sampled in the city center were historical gardens and parks. The calculation of potential risks based on different models showed that there is a high discrepancy among guidelines, and that risks will be extremely associated with the endpoint or parameters used in the different models. Nevertheless, this initial approach based on total levels was useful for identifying areas where a more detailed risk assessment is needed (close to the airport and in the city center). Therefore, the use of prediction maps can be very useful for urban planning, for example, by crossing information obtained with land uses, it is possible to define the most problematic areas (e.g., playgrounds and schools).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Sources, and Potential Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lisbon Urban Soils

et al. 2019

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“…Phenanthrene has a typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure and is recognized as one of the carcinogens to be controlled [20]. This contamination is widely distributed in the environment, which includes sediments, water, animals and plants, and even in remote island plastic residues [20][21][22]. Furthermore, phenanthrene also has significant bioaccumulation in benthic organisms, plants, and even microorganisms [23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Anion Surfactants on the Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Sediment under Estuarine Mix Conditions

Qian¹,

Li²,

Yao³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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We investigated the adsorption of phenanthrene (PHE) onto estuarine sediment with varied salinity and concentrations of anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, SDBS). It is a critical step for better understanding of the migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants to seawater. The concentration of PHE in the experimental system was detected by a fluorescence spectrophotometer and the results were expressed by partition coefficient (in terms of K d ). It found that the salinity promoted and the SDBS inhibit the adsorption of PHE onto sediment in a single system. The combination effect of SDBS and salinity enhance this adsorption behavior but varied significantly with the ratio of salinity to surfactant. It is a confirmed fact that the mobility of phenanthrene in water increased with the combination of the salinity and SDBS. It would lead to the pollution of PHE change from point model to mobility model and increase its flux into the sea. However, the mechanism of those adsorption behaviors is unclear and may relate to the interactions between sediment and SDBS, SDBS and salinity, and sediments and salts, which need further study.

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“…The majority of the research with PACs has focused on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [1–5]. However, polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs), the sulfur analogues of PAHs, have received far less attention although their carcinogenic and mutagenic potential have been reported previously to be similar to PAHs [6–8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention behavior of isomeric polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in gas chromatography on stationary phases of different selectivity

Wilson

Sander

Oña-Ruales

et al. 2017

Journal of Chromatography A

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Retention indices for 48 polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) were determined using gas chromatography with three different stationary phases: a 50% phenyl phase, a 50% liquid crystalline dimethylpolysiloxane (LC-DMPS) phase, and an ionic liquid (IL) phase. Correlations between the retention behavior on the three stationary phases and PASH geometry (L/B and T, i.e., length-to-breadth ratio and thickness, respectively) were investigated for the following four isomer sets: (1) 4 three-ring molecular mass (MM) 184 Da PASHs, (2) 13 four-ring MM 234 Da PASHs, (3) 10 five-ring MM 258 Da PASHs, and (4) 20 five-ring MM 284 Da PASHs. Correlation coefficients for retention on the 50% LC-DMPS vs L/B ranged from r = 0.50 (MM 284 Da) to r = 0.77 (MM 234 Da). Correlation coefficients for retention on the IL phase vs L/B ranged from r = 0.31 (MM 234 Da) to r = 0.54 (MM 284 Da). Correlation coefficients for retention on the 50% phenyl vs L/B ranged from r = 0.14 (MM 258 Da) to r = 0.59 (MM 284 Da). Several correlation trends are discussed in detail for the retention behavior of PASH on the three stationary phases.

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Risk assessment of urban soils contamination: The particular case of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 102 publications

References 46 publications

Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Sources, and Potential Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lisbon Urban Soils

Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Sources, and Potential Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lisbon Urban Soils

Effect of Anion Surfactants on the Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Sediment under Estuarine Mix Conditions

Retention behavior of isomeric polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in gas chromatography on stationary phases of different selectivity

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