Risk Assessment of Ethylhexyl Dimethyl PABA in Cosmetics

Sung, Chi Rim; Kim, Kyu‐Bong; Lee, Joo Young; Lee, Byung‐Mu; Kwack, Seung Jun

doi:10.5487/tr.2019.35.2.131

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The dermal absorption rate is crucial for the risk assessment of cosmetics majorly absorbed through the skin [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] Several factors affect dermal absorption, such as donor characteristics, including gender [ 9 ], disease [ 10 ], age [ 11 ], race [ 12 ], vehicle [ 13 ], test substances (physicochemical properties, particle size) [ 14 , 15 ], skin condition [ 16 ], hydration [ 17 ], pH [ 18 ], stress [ 19 ], and physical or chemical damage [ 20 ], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone

Kim

Lee

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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Dermal absorption of chemicals is a key factor in risk assessment. This study investigated the effects of different amounts of application on dermal absorption and suggested an appropriate application dose for proper dermal absorption. Caffeine and testosterone were chosen as test compounds. An in vitro dermal absorption test was performed using a Franz diffusion cell. Different amounts (5, 10, 25, and 50 mg (or µL)/cm2) of semisolid (cream) and liquid (solution) formulations containing 1% caffeine and 0.1% testosterone were applied to rat and minipig (Micropig®) skins. After 24 h, the concentrations of both compounds remaining on the skin surface and in the stratum corneum, dermis and epidermis, and receptor fluid were determined using LC-MS / MS or HPLC. Dermal absorption of both compounds decreased with increasing amounts of application in both skin types (rat and minipig) and formulations (cream and solution). Especially, dermal absorptions (%) of both compounds at 50 mg (or µL)/cm2 was significantly lower compared to 5 or 10 mg (or µL)/cm2 in both rat and minipig skins. Therefore, a low dose (5 or 10 mg (or µL)/cm2) of the formulation should be applied to obtain conservative dermal absorption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone

Kim

Lee

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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“…Systemic exposure dosage (SED) to the studied BITs via preservatives in cosmetics after applying the skincare product (cream, lotion, and essence) was estimated using the general equation [ 29 ]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cosmetics Use on the In Vitro Skin Absorption of a Biocide, 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one

Huh

Lee

Choi

et al. 2022

Toxics

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1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) is a commonly used organic biocide containing an isothiazolone ring. However, it may have adverse effects on human health and its risk needs to be properly evaluated. Dermal exposure is the main route of BIT exposure, and co-exposed substances may affect its absorption. The dermal permeation profile of BIT has not been well-studied. This study aimed to investigate the dermal permeation profiles of BIT with or without cosmetic use. Dermal permeation profiles of BIT were investigated after infinite- (100 μg/cm2), or a finite-dose (10 μg/cm2) application with or without cosmetics using a minipig skin and Strat-M®, an artificial membrane. A cream, lotion, and essence (namely, face serum) were pre-treated as representative cosmetics on minipig skin for 30 min, with BIT treatment afterward. After the treatment, BIT left on the skin surface was collected by cotton swabbing, BIT in the stratum corneum, by sequential tape stripping, and BIT retained in the remaining skin was extracted after cutting the skin into pieces before LC-MS/MS analysis. When an infinite dose was applied, permeation coefficients (Kp, cm/h) for minipig skin and Strat-M® were 2.63 × 10−3 and 19.94 × 10−3, respectively, reflecting that skin permeation was seven to eight times higher in Strat-M® than in the minipig skin. BIT, in the presence of cosmetics, rapidly permeated the skin, while the amount in the stratum corneum and skin deposit was reduced. We performed a risk assessment of dermally applied BIT in the absence or presence of cosmetics by calculating the skin absorption rate at 10 h based on the toxicological data from several references. The risk level was higher in the presence of essence as compared to lotion, which was higher than cream, which was higher than the control (non-treated). However, all of the margins of safety values obtained were greater than 100, suggesting that BIT is safe for use in dermally exposed consumer products. We believe that this research contributes to a greater understanding of the risk assessment of isothiazolinone biocides.

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“…UV filtrai gali toksiškai veikti reprodukcinę sistemą, sukelti fototoksiškumą ir genotoksiškumą [10]. Respondentėms buvo pateiktas klausimas apie kosmetikos gaminiuose esančių UV filtrų neigiamą poveikį (3 pav.).…”

Section: Tyrimo Rezultataiunclassified

Moterų Žinios Apie Ribojamus Kosmetikos Gaminių Ingredientus Nėštumo Metu

Diana¹,

Manuel²,

Mickienė³

et al. 2021

Health Sciences

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Moterys ne visada žino apie galimą žalingą kosmetikos gaminių ingredientų poveikį nėštumo metu. Kenksmingų komponentų poveikis gali pasireikšti naudojant didelį kosmetikos gaminių kiekį, nes viename produkte esančios ribojamos medžiagos, naudojamos leistinos koncentracijos, yra saugios vartotojui ir neturi įtakos nei motinai, nei vaisiui. Moterys nėštumo metu gali naudoti net keliasdešimt kosmetikos produktų, kurių kenksmingų medžiagų koncentracija sumuodamasi gali viršyti saugias ribas. Pastaraisiais metais dažniau kalbama apie kosmetikos ingredientų naudingumą ir veiksmingumą. Skatinama naudoti kuo daugiau įvairių kosmetikos produktų, tačiau nutylima apie jų komponentų galimą žalingą poveikį nėščiajai ir vaisiui. Tyrimo tikslas − atskleisti moterų žinias apie ribojamus kosmetikos gaminių ingredientus nėštumo metu. Tyrimui atlikti buvo naudojama anketinė apklausa. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad dauguma moterų nepakankamai žino apie kenksmingus kosmetikos gaminių ingredientus, tokius kaip konservantai, kvapiosios medžiagos, retinolis, UV filtrai, triklozanas, tirpikliai ir gyvulinės kilmės hormonai, kurie nėštumo metu gali turėti įtakos moteriai ir vaisiui. Dauguma respondenčių žinojo, kad kosmetikos gaminiuose gali būti ir sunkiųjų metalų, bet nežinojo, kokį neigiamą poveikį jie gali sukelti nėštumo metu.

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Risk Assessment of Ethylhexyl Dimethyl PABA in Cosmetics

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone

Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone

Effect of Cosmetics Use on the In Vitro Skin Absorption of a Biocide, 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one

Moterų Žinios Apie Ribojamus Kosmetikos Gaminių Ingredientus Nėštumo Metu

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