Risk Assessment and Hazardous Effects of Metal Contamination in O. niloticus and S. galilaeus from Four Islands of the River Nile

Gautam

Chaturvedi

et al. 2022

Preprint

Quality of the river water and sediments are deteriorating day by day in Indian rivers due to excessive anthropogenic activities and pollutants entering through various sources. Heavy metal loads in the rivers are one such factor that are adding to human health risks as well. In our study we estimated the concentration of the heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cr and Cd) in river bed and in water at different points of river Ganga as well as at confluence point of Ganga and Varuna rivers. We found that Ganga river in Varanasi is highly loaded with metals (PLI= 6.698) Mean concentration in water follows: Pb 1.29 mg/L, Mn 1.325 mg/L, Cr 0.169 mg/L and Cd 0.161mg/L, which was above than the permissible limits stated by Environment protection agency EPA in drinking water. Randomly seven indigenous species of fishes were collected from the wild and were processed for checking the occurrence of these metals in the tissues such as Gills, Liver and Muscle. In all the seven selected fish species, degree of heavy metal concentration followed liver > gills > muscles. Highest accumulation of Pb was observed in Cyprinus carpio liver (8.86 μg/g) and lowest in Baikari muscles (0.07 μg/g). Total THQ value i.e. hazard index (HI) of metals was calculated for these fish species that are frequently consumed and the data showed HI values in following sequence: C.carpio > O. nilotus > C.punctatus > J.coitor > M.armatus > M.tengara > Baikari. Average HI value for C. carpioand O. nilotus was found above 1 which indicates that intake of heavy metals through these species may cause health hazard for human. Maximum HI was recorded in Carpio, which is highly consumed fish by human, hence may be harmful to them. These findings pose a threat to human population and hence needs regular monitoring of metals in fishes to prevent entry into food chain and its effect on the human beings.

Section: Determination Of Bio-accumulation Factorsupporting

confidence: 84%

Accumulation of heavy metals in water, sediment and different fishes of river Ganga in Varanasi and its health risk assessment

Gautam

Chaturvedi

et al. 2022

Preprint

“…As shown in Table 7, BAF in each sh species followed the same trend in organs liver > gills > muscles and all metals had tissue concentrations higher than their corresponding concentrations in water. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in sh tissues, as well as between four metals were statistically signi cant at p < 0.05 .This report was supported by other studies in different sh species and different water bodies where accumulation of HM in shes showed a site dependent response (Maurya et al, 2018;Elhaddad et al, 2022;Olaifa et al, 2004). Figure 3 shows bio concentration factor of all the four metals in each sh.…”

Section: Determination Of Bio-accumulation Factorsupporting

confidence: 82%

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in different fishes of Gangetic river system in Varanasi and its health risk assessment

Gautam

2022

Preprint

Heavy metal load is one of the factor causing deterioration of water quality of rivers and anthropogenic activities being the major cause. Present article is an attempt to evaluate the potential human health risks posed by four heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cr and Cd). We have estimated the concentration of these heavy metal at different points of river Ganga as well as at confluence point of Ganga and Varuna rivers as follows: Pb 1.29 mg/L, Mn 1.325 mg/L, Cr 0.169 mg/L and Cd 0.161mg/L, which was above than the permissible limits stated by Environment protection agency EPA in drinking water. Randomly seven indigenous species of fishes were collected from the wild and were processed for checking the occurrence of these metals in the tissues such as Gills, Liver and Muscle. In all the seven selected fish species, degree of heavy metal concentration followed liver > gills > muscles. Highest accumulation of Pb was observed in Cyprinus carpio liver (8.86 µg/g) and lowest in Baikari muscles (0.07 µg/g). Total THQ value i.e. hazard index (HI) of metals was calculated for these fish species that are frequently consumed and the data showed HI values in following sequence: C.carpio > O. nilotus > C.punctatus > J.coitor > M.armatus > M.tengara > Baikari. Average HI value for C. carpio and O. nilotus was found above 1 which indicates that intake of heavy metals through these species may cause health hazard for human. Maximum HI was recorded in Carpio, which is highly consumed fish by human, hence may be harmful to them. These findings pose a threat to human population and hence needs regular monitoring of metals in fishes to prevent entry into food chain and its effect on the human beings.

“…These heavy metals has the capacity to form harmful soluble compounds (Amin et al, 2021) and higher metal retention could be due to the formation of metal-protein complexes, which might impede the excretion process within the sh body. The retention of these metals within sh can lead to substantial changes, causing them to endure stressful conditions and potentially disrupting their hematological and biochemical indices (M Salaah al, 2020; Elhaddad et al, 2022). Health risk assessment.…”

Section: Determination Of Bio-accumulation Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation in Ganges Fish Near Varanasi, India

Mishra,

Gautam,

Chaturvedi

et al. 2023

Biol Trace Elem Res

Heavy metal contamination in river Ganga is one of the factor for deterioration in its water quality, also adds to human health risks. We designed our study to achieve a holistic approach by not only estimating the concentration of heavy metals (Lead, Manganese, Chromium and Cadmium) in the river water at different sites based on human anthropogenic activities but also in the shes residing in the same sites that are collected for human consumption on daily basis. We found, Ganga river in Varanasi is highly loaded with metals (PLI = 6.698) Mean concentration in water was: Pb 1.29 mg/L, Mn 1.325 mg/L, Cr 0.169 mg/L and Cd 0.161mg/L, which were above the permissible limits stated by Environment Protection Agency (EPA) in drinking water. Fishes including exotic and invasive species were collected from the wild and were processed for the presence of these metals in their living tissues. Degree of heavy metal concentration followed liver > gills > muscles. Highest accumulation of Pb was observed in Carpio (Cyprinus carpio) liver (8.86 µg/g) and lowest in Baikari (Clupisoma garua) muscles (0.07 µg/g). Total Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) value i.e. hazard index (HI) showed values in following sequence: C.carpio > O. nilotus > C.punctatus > J.coitor > M.armatus > M.tengara > Baikari. Maximum HI was recorded in Carpio, which is highly consumed sh by human, hence may be harmful to them.